Django community: RSS
This page, updated regularly, aggregates Django Q&A from the Django community.
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django RecursionError : maximum recursion depth exceeded while calling a Python object
I have implemented membership by building a custom user model in the django rest framework. By the way, the following error occurs when you code and run the server. RecursionError : maximum recursion depth exceeded while calling a Python object Here is full traceback Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\school\λν λ° νλ‘μ νΈ\CoCo\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 34, in inner response = get_response(request) File "D:\school\λν λ° νλ‘μ νΈ\CoCo\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 115, in _get_response response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request) File "D:\school\λν λ° νλ‘μ νΈ\CoCo\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 113, in _get_response response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs) File "D:\school\λν λ° νλ‘μ νΈ\CoCo\venv\lib\site-packages\django\views\decorators\csrf.py", line 54, in wrapped_view return view_func(*args, **kwargs) File "D:\school\λν λ° νλ‘μ νΈ\CoCo\venv\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py", line 71, in view return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) File "D:\school\λν λ° νλ‘μ νΈ\CoCo\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\views.py", line 505, in dispatch response = self.handle_exception(exc) File "D:\school\λν λ° νλ‘μ νΈ\CoCo\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\views.py", line 465, in handle_exception self.raise_uncaught_exception(exc) File "D:\school\λν λ° νλ‘μ νΈ\CoCo\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\views.py", line 476, in raise_uncaught_exception raise exc File "D:\school\λν λ° νλ‘μ νΈ\CoCo\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\views.py", line 502, in dispatch response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs) File "D:\school\λν λ° νλ‘μ νΈ\CoCo\api\views.py", line 16, in post serializer.save() File "D:\school\λν λ° νλ‘μ νΈ\CoCo\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\serializers.py", line 212, in save self.instance = self.create(validated_data) File "D:\school\λν λ° νλ‘μ νΈ\CoCo\api\serializers.py", line 61, in create return User.objects.create_user(**validate_data) File "D:\school\λν λ° νλ‘μ νΈ\CoCo\api\models.py", line 29, in create_user user = self.create_user( File "D:\school\λν λ° νλ‘μ νΈ\CoCo\api\models.py", line 29, in create_user β¦ -
Get count of tags usages using django-taggit
I have following model structure class TrackingData(models.Model) item = models.ForeignKey(Item) class Item(models.Model) user = models.ForeignKey(User) name = models.CharField() tags = TaggableManager() I have the following objects inside the Item Item Name Tags ------------------------------------------- Item 1 static, item, anuj Item 2 static, anuj Item 3 item Item 4 dynamic I want to get the count of TrackingData based on the selected tag static, anuj q = TrackingData.objects.filter(item__user=request.user) Expected output [ ['static', 2], ['anuj', 2 ] I also want the list of all tags added by the user inside the Item so that it can be used to show in autocomplete suggestion. -
Email activated but still user.activated is False in views.py & email verification form (mail.html) is appearing everytime we fill for a new job?
I have registered a user and activated my profile now when I apply for a job in in job_detail.html it takes us to applytojob(request, pk), now the user is activated and not applied so it will go in elif part and request.user.activated is true so it should just send a mail. But in my case apply now, takes a activated user into else part of the elif statement and thus returns a form which again send a verification mail. Everytime user want to apply for a job he has to fill the verification form ???? views.py @login_required def applytojob(request, pk): """ Apply to a job. """ context = {} job = Job.objects.get(pk=pk) context['job'] = job user = request.user # If User is activate and has already applied redirect User to already applied page. if request.user in job.applied_by.all(): # return HttpResponse("You've applied already to Job: %s." % job) return render(request, "applicant_app/applicationdonealready.html",context) # If user is activate and has not applied for the job. elif request.user not in job.applied_by.all(): if request.user.activated: if request.method == 'GET': job.applied_by.add(request.user) n_applications = job.applied_by.count() send_mail("Successfully applied", "application done", "contact.profcess@gmail.com", [str(request.user.mail)], fail_silently=False) return HttpResponse("Successfullly applied") # If User has not applied # If User is not activate Pop β¦ -
Django Admin Every page show all my models
I run my web application on pythonanywhere and main admin page works fine, but others show my models on left side, can't find reason for this. Any idea? -
Displaying contact details using Ajax
I am doing Paying Guest finder website. When I try to click the contact button on my website I am getting all the pg's contact details present in the home page. For example on my home page it has two pg details pg1 and pg2. When I click the pg1 contact button I am getting pg1 and pg2 contact details as alert one after the other. views.py def contact(request): phone= request.GET.get('phone') data={"phone" : "phone"} return JsonResponse(data) home.html <button class="btn btn-primary" id="request-btn">Contact</button> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function(){ $("#request-btn").click(function(){ $.ajax({ url: "/listings/contact", type: "GET", dataType:"json", success: function(){ alert( task.phone ) } }); }); }); </script> -
How to add a user to group programatically in Django
I have a Django project where each user belongs to just one group, Doctor and Nurse but not both. I showed a form in my front-end to let Admin users add the user profiles, where each user profile is made with First name, Last name, Email, Groups etc. My challenge is when an admin user assigns a user profile to a group from the front-end that user is not added to the group when I check the Django admin i.e when I click on the on user on the Django admin I can't see the user being assigned to the group. The important part of my forms.py is this part from django.contrib.auth.models import Group groups = forms.ModelChoiceField(label='Role', queryset=Group.objects.all(), widget=forms.Select(attrs={'class':'form-control'})) The full form can be seen here from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm from django_starter_app.models import User, Post from django.contrib.auth.models import Group class RegisterForm(UserCreationForm): username = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'placeholder':'Enter Username'})) email = forms.CharField(widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'placeholder':'Email'})) first_name = forms.CharField(label='Firstname', widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'placeholder':'Firstname'})) last_name = forms.CharField(label='Lastname', widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'placeholder':'Lastname'})) groups = forms.ModelChoiceField(label='Role', queryset=Group.objects.all(), widget=forms.Select(attrs={'class':'form-control'})) password1 = forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'placeholder':'Password'})) password2 = forms.CharField(label='Confirm Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'placeholder':'Confirm Password'})) class Meta(): model = User fields = ('username', 'email', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'groups', 'password1', 'password2') def save(self, commit=True): user = super().save(commit=False) user.username = self.cleaned_data['username'] β¦ -
Django RestFramework : how to get API data using OOP concept?
As per below mentioned, To get the API data i used django ORM and generic class based views and also i used serializers to convert from raw-data to json-data. How to get same json data using Python OOP-concept method. Any help would be much appreciated. models.py : class Category(models.Model): category_name = models.CharField(max_length=200) serializers.py : class CategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Category fields = "__all__" views.py : class CategoryListAPIView(generics.ListAPIView): model = Category queryset = Category.objects.all() serializer_class = CategorySerializer Api data : { "id": 1, "category_name": "category-01", } -
CSS Loading Local Background Image
This is so simple, but nothing is working for me. I am trying to have a background of a local picture I own. I have read a bunch of other sites, and no one is consistent. I have tried every combo of ../ or ./ or file/// or someone even said web/port_back. Half include "" within the () and half don't. Tried every combo with that. Cleared my cache data constantly just in case that has affected it. My Image is located /Portfolio/port_back.JPG and My css is located /Portfolio/static/index_app/index.css CSS: body{ background-image: url("../../port_back.jpg"); /* background-repeat: no-repeat; */ background-size: cover; } -
getting data from oracle database to postgresql in django
I am making a microservice. To tell the truth I could not find satisfactory answer. More precisely, there is a big oracle database. In my microservice has PostgreSQL I want to bring only first_name, last_name and phone number data to PostgreSQL unfortunately there is no API for this. My Question is how can I import specific table data to PostgreSQL? If question is unclear please let me know! Thanks in advance! -
How to view django bulk_update/bulk_create query?
We can get any django query by putting .query in the end, like this: print(MyModel.objects.all().query) It print the resulting query, without querying the database. Is there a way to get the query for bulk_create or bulk_update, without actually querying the database? Additional question: Is it possible to guess, if a bulk query may throw the below error or not (by comparing the bulk query size with max allowed query packet size)? (1153, "Got a packet bigger than 'max_allowed_packet' bytes") -
How to store a very large object in PostgreSQL using Django
I have a very large(>1Gb) object in Django which I need to store in the PostgreSQL Database. I'm using Django's ORM for all the database operations. I'm always getting an error of the following form - django.db.utils.InternalError: invalid memory alloc request size 1073741824 This is my existing code - large_data = get_large_data() self.objects.create( part_a=large_data["part_a"] ) Is there a better way to pass this data to the DB. -
Django Error message displays behind text box
I have a custom error validation displayed, however, the message is displayed behind the next input box. How can I change the error message to either be a popup, or the message display inside the text box, or some other way that I can see the text? This is my forms.py class ProductForm(ModelForm): prod_code = forms.CharField(label=False,error_messages={'unique': 'This is unique'}) prod_descr = forms.CharField(label=False) supplier = forms.ChoiceField(choices=suppliers, label=False, required=False) list_price = forms.DecimalField(label=False, required=False) serialsed_item = forms.ChoiceField(choices=YesNo, label=False, required=False) category = forms.ChoiceField(choices=categories, label=False, required=False) class Meta: model = Product fields = '__all__' helper = FormHelper() helper.layout = Layout(Field('text_input', css_class='form-control-lg'),) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(ProductForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.helper = FormHelper() self.helper.form_show_labels = False This is my template : {% extends 'base.html' %} {% load crispy_forms_tags %} {% block page_head %}Add Product{% endblock %} {% block navbar %} <navbar class="mr-auto"> <div class="container-fluid"> <ul class="nav navbar-expand"> <li> <button type="submit" form="p-form" class="btn btn-outline-secondary">Add Product</button> <button class="btn btn-outline-secondary" onclick="document.location='{% url 'prodlist' %}'">Close Without Saving</button> </li> </ul> </div> </navbar> {% endblock %} {% block content %} <form id="p-form" action="{% url 'newproduct' %}" method="post"> <!-- {{form.prod_code|as_crispy_field}} {{form.prod_descr|as_crispy_field}} {{form.supplier|as_crispy_field}} {{form.list_price|as_crispy_field}} {{form.category|as_crispy_field}} --> {% csrf_token %} <div class="container-fluid "> <div class="row"> <div class="col-6 "> <div class="row"> <div class="col-3">Product Code</div> <div class="col-8" >{{form.prod_code|as_crispy_field}}</div> β¦ -
Running into problems not sure what's going on
TypeError at /create decoding to str: need a bytes-like object, NoneType found Request Method: GET Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/create Django Version: 3.1 Exception Type: TypeError Exception Value: decoding to str: need a bytes-like object, NoneType found -
Django operator.or_ not working as expected
I have a model with the tags field which contains tags separated by space. class MyModel(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) tags = models.TextField() The tags will be separated by a comma static, assets, anuj In order to filter using AND operator. For example, when user search by static and anuj, it will return only the objects whose tags contains both the fields. import operator from functools import reduce from django.db.models import Q qr = MyModel.objects.filter( reduce(operator.and_, ( Q(tags__icontains=x) for x in q) ) ) Above code works fine for AND operator, But now I want to filter using OR operator, where if user search for static, another-tag then it will give the objects which contain any of the tag(s). For this, I changed the above query to qr = MyModel.objects.filter( reduce(operator.or_, ( Q(tags__icontains=x) for x in q) ) ) But it is not working as expected. -
No changes detected in app 'learning_logs'
I ran the code settings.py and went to INSTALLED APPS and added learning_logs: INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'learning_logs', Then in the terminal I ran 'python manage.py makemigrations learning_logs' However it results in 'No changes detected in app 'learning_logs' Note that I read some other articles and got no good answer Also note that the end bracket is supposed to be in the dictionary -
POST http://locahlhost:8000/register net::ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED
Currently I'm trying to use Vuejs with Django Rest Framework and I ran into an issue. I want to create a register and login authentication with vuejs and DRF using Vuex and SimpleJWT. For some reasons I can't make the POST request and I don't know what I did wrong here. I'm learning to use Vuejs with Django and also I'm new to Vuejs and Vuex. urls.py urlpatterns = [ path('', include(router.urls)), path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls')), path( 'api-token/', TokenObtainPairView.as_view(), name='token-obtain' ), path( 'api-token-refresh/', TokenRefreshView.as_view(), name='token-refresh' ), path( 'api-token-verify', TokenVerifyView.as_view(), name='token-verify' ), ] settings.py # SimpleJWT REST_FRAMEWORK = { 'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ( 'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated', ), 'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': ( 'rest_framework_simplejwt.authentication.JWTAuthentication', ) } # Cors-header CORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIST = [ "http://localhost:8080", ] # allow all requests containing any of the default headers(as in django docs) or content-type header CORS_ALLOW_HEADERS = default_headers + ( 'contenttype', ) Frontend axios-base.js import axios from "axios"; import store from "../store/index"; // API URL const ApiUrl = "http://locahlhost:8000"; const axiosBase = axios.create({ baseURL: ApiUrl, headers: { ContentType: "application/json" }, }); const getAPI = axios.create({ baseURL: ApiUrl, }); getAPI.interceptors.response.use(undefined, function(err) { // if error response status is 401, it means the request was // invalid due to expired access token. if (err.config && err.response && β¦ -
Axios POST request is not working properly for django-allauth social login?
MY PROBLEM I have two endpoints /api/google/login and /api/ms/login both are using django allauth social login. when I try to give a POST request to both of the endpoints using Axios it gives me 401 Unauthorized. I am using react-google-login to get the access-token. Here is the code - axios.post('/api/google/login', {access_token: 'my_access_token'}) .then(res => {here_my_response_block_is_handlled}) .catch(err = {here_my_error_block_is_handlled}) But when I directly use my link from browser and copy-paste the same access_token here and post it successfully process the request and return back me token. Here is the direct API URL access view of Django endpoint What I Have Done I have checked the request from the browsers's network tab when I give POST request from frontend and it is sending the request payload correctly with the same key pair of access_token. I am getting the access_token correctly from react-google-login because I console.log it and use the same access_token when I am sending the request from direct API link showed in the image above. -
In django orm get all post wheren comment have greater than 20 record
I am beginner in Django. I want know the Django ORM query which get all post where comment have atleast 20 record in comment table. Please help me. -
How to count number of visiorts to django website?
I am working on Django web application and i need to count number of visitors to my page here is my code which count every visit to home page as new visit despite of session. models.py from django.db import models class PageView(models.Model): hits=models.IntegerField(default=0) views.py from django.shortcuts import render from django.views.generic.base import TemplateView from datetime import datetime from .models import PageView def index(request): if (PageView.objects.count() <= 0): x = PageView.objects.create() x.save() else: x = PageView.objects.all()[0] x.hits = x.hits + 1 x.save() context = {'page': x.hits} return render(request, 'pages/index.html', context=context) html You are {{page}}th visitor -
How to display Foreign key Data in Django view page?
i have relation between Project and ProjectFloorPlan, and i want to display ProjectFloorPlan data in my template. Please let me know how i can display the ForeignKey data in my template. Here is my models.py file... class Project(models.Model): name=models.CharField(max_length=225) slug=models.SlugField(null=True, unique=True) def __str__(self): return self.name class ProjectFloorPlan(models.Model): project=models.ForeignKey('Project', related_name='projectfloorplan', on_delete=models.CASCADE, default=None) floorplan_image=models.ImageField(upload_to='floorplan_image') bhk=models.CharField(max_length=100) bed=models.CharField(max_length=100) created_at=models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) updated_at=models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) def __str__(self): return self.project.name here is my project.html file where i am trying o display ProjectFloorPlan data...but it's displaying nothing {% fot i in project.projectfloorplan_set.all %} <tr> <td>{{i.bhk}}</td> <td>{{i.bed}}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} -
optimization on multiple queryset in django
newbie here on django and django-rest-framework. Asking a question if it is possible to optimize multiple querysets? I found that using select_related() helps to optimize your SQL queries but if you request another queryset for example adding a filter(), select_related() is not taking an effect. See sample code below. code: pass_rate = None total_student_activities = 0 pass_count = 0 student_list = [] graded_class_activity_list = [] pass_list = [] student_activities = bootcamper.studentactivity_set.all() for student in student_activities: if student.bootcamper_id not in student_list: student_list.append(student.bootcamper_id) student_activities = student_activities.select_related('class_activity') for graded_class_activity in student_activities.filter(score__isnull=False): if graded_class_activity.class_activity_id not in graded_class_activity_list: graded_class_activity_list.append(graded_class_activity.class_activity_id) for pass_grade in student_activities.filter(Q(score=PASS) | Q(score=SUPERB)): pass_list.append(pass_grade.id) total_student_activities = len(graded_class_activity_list) * len(student_list) pass_count = len(pass_list) if total_student_activities: pass_rate = round(pass_count / total_student_activities * 100, 2) return pass_rate upon checking on django-debug-toolbar found that there are mutitple similar queries for line 'for pass_grade in student_activities.filter(Q(score=PASS) | Q(score=SUPERB)):' which means select_related didn't take effect. Is there another way around to achieve something like this that doesn't have to hit db? Thank you in advance. -
Adding items to Wishlist | Django
I've got this system where I want to add in a favoriting feature where when someone clicks on the like button on a card it gets saved and displayed at port/wishlist.html but not able to go about and solve it, here is my Github Repository and some main codes. homepage_pic: https://i.stack.imgur.com/WLUyp.png models.py from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User import datetime YEAR_CHOICES = [] for r in range(1980, (datetime.datetime.now().year + 1)): YEAR_CHOICES.append((r, r)) class Music(models.Model): song = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=False) pic = models.ImageField(blank=False, null=True) published_year = models.IntegerField(('year'), choices=YEAR_CHOICES, default=datetime.datetime.now().year) description = models.CharField(max_length=80) def __str__(self): return self.song class Wishlist(models.Model): user_id = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE,null=True) music_id = models.ForeignKey(Music, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING) views.py @login_required def liked(request): if request.method == "POST": if user.is_authenticated: # takes in the specific card id that is been liked and saves it and displays on Port/wishlist.html music_id.save() else: return HttpResponse("Your card is Invalid") return HttpResponse("Your request is Invalid") like.js $(document).ready(function(){ $(".like").click(function(){ $(this).toggleClass("heart"); }); }); -
How to add space between jumbotron when in mobile device size
So im building this website which looks like this in pc web size: and when i resize the window to make it into mobile-sized window (phone), the jumbotrons turn into like this: My question is that is there a way where i can add a space between the jumbotrons when it is in mobile-size? i do not want the jumbotrons to stick together just like in the picture i attached above. my code so fo far, html: <div class="container col-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid" id="bg-card-1"> <h1>Cardholder #1</h1> <p>Unique. Outstanding.</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid" id="bg-card-2"> <h1>Cardholder #2</h1> <p>Stunning. Modern.</p> </div> </div> </div> <br> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid" id="bg-card-3"> <h1>Product</h1> <p>Description</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid" id="bg-card-4"> <h1>Product</h1> <p>Description</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> and css file: #bg-card-1 { background: url("https://i.postimg.cc/0y2F6Gpp/3.jpg") no-repeat center center; background-size: cover; color:white; text-align: center; height: 100%; } #bg-card-2 { background: url("https://hatrabbits.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/random.jpg") no-repeat center; background-size: cover; color:white; text-align: center; height: 100%; } #bg-card-3 { background: url("https://hatrabbits.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/random.jpg") no-repeat center; background-size: cover; color:white; text-align: center; height: 100%; } #bg-card-4 { background: url("https://i.postimg.cc/0y2F6Gpp/3.jpg") no-repeat center; background-size: cover; color:white; text-align: center; height: 100%; } -
Counting unique (or distinct) values of model field instances with python/django
Trying to display a count of unique instances of fields that exist in my database. In the model below, the 'uid' is a user id #, and a user can create multiple records on the database under the same 'uid'. So if i count the number of 'uid's I will simply get the number of ALL records created in the database, but i am trying to get the number of unique 'uid's that exist in the database. I have been messing around with .count(), Count, and .distinct() with no luck. I am also quite confused with the distinct=True option. This is in an effort to provide data to an analytics dashboard, so I want to calculate the number of distinct users exist in the database. models.py class Session(models.Model): uid = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True) cid = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True) # switched from eid client = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True) views.py class DashboardListView(LoginRequiredMixin, ListView): model = Session template_name = 'blog/dashboard.html' def get_queryset(self): user = get_object_or_404(User, username=self.kwargs.get('username')) return Session.objects.filter(client=user).order_by('-session_date') def get_context_data(self, **kwargs): user = get_object_or_404(User, username=self.kwargs.get('username')) context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs) context['total_records'] = Session.objects.filter(client=user).count() # count function return context html tags {{ total_records }} example of sqlite database records from model Sessions uid | cid | client 001 | β¦ -
DJango: Passing the value of a select field to another web page to use in a query filter
I am looking to perform an inventory query based on the result of a Select/drop down. The dropdown value is part of a set of dependent drop down values on the homepage; 'Make' and 'Model' of cars. I want to use the value of 'Model' to open up the available inventory on another webpage 'search_results'. I am basically posting the value of the dropdown 'modelddl' from the 'index' page and looking to get the value on the 'search_results' page. This should then allow the query set to be filtered so that a table can be filled out. No matter what I do I do not seem to be picking up the 'Model' value in the dropdown so the table is rendering without any values. Any help is much appreciated! Key Models class MotorMakes(models.Model): MotorMakeName = models.CharField(max_length=50, unique=True, default=False) def __str__(self): return self.MotorMakeName or '' def __unicode__(self): return u'%s' % (self.MotorMakeName) or '' class MotorModelsV2(models.Model): MotorMakeName = models.CharField(max_length=50, default=False,) MotorModelName = models.CharField(max_length=50, default=False,) Mkid = models.ForeignKey(MotorMakes,on_delete=models.CASCADE, default=False) Mlid = models.IntegerField(default=False, unique=True) MotorImage = models.ImageField(upload_to='Car_Pics', default=False,blank=True) def __str__(self): return self.MotorModelName or '' def __unicode__(self): return u'%s' % (self.MotorModelName) or '' class Meta: ordering = ('MotorMakeName',) class GarageInventory(models.Model): MotorDetailRef = models.ForeignKey(MotorDetail, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True) β¦
