Django community: RSS
This page, updated regularly, aggregates Django Q&A from the Django community.
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External database in django Admin Panel
Is it possible to manipulate External database through django admin panel without migration? I have such database: 'cook_db': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql', 'NAME': 'cook_db', 'USER': 'postgres', 'PASSWORD': '123456', 'HOST': '127.0.0.1', 'PORT': '5432' } All tables I added into model.py: ... class Recipes(models.Model): id_subcategory = models.ForeignKey( Categories, models.DO_NOTHING, db_column='id_subcategory') id_recipe = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.TextField() img_url = models.TextField() grade = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) time = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) class Meta: managed = False db_table = 'recipes' ... But When I tried to register that model (admin.site.register(Recipes)), I catch that error: OperationalError at /admin/MainSite/recipes/. no such table: recipes -
DJANGO HTML Elements and Javascript
I'm trying to implement a "hover image" effect on a website drive by Django. Each model in my database contains 2 distinct images. I'd like to have the image change when the user hovers over the "default image" and have it change to the "hover image". What's happening instead is only the first image is changing to the hover image. If the user hovers over any other image on the page, the first image at the top of the page is the one that changes. Here's my HTML {% for element in records %} <div class = "model"> <img src="{{element.default_image}}" onmouseover="hoverImage();" onmouseout="defaultImage();" width="120"></div> Here's my JS const imgElements = document.querySelectorAll('.model'); for (let i = 0; i < imgElements.length; i++) { const currentElement = imgElements[i]; function hoverImage() { currentElement.src = '{{element.hover_image}}'; } function defaultImage() { currentElement.src = '{{element.default_image}}'; } } This only changes the first element in the model no matter what image the user hovers over -
Why don't frameworks like Django, Express and others often use class diagrams with UML?
Which software engineering and systems design tool to use in framworks like Django? I see that languages like Java, C# and C++ use UML class diagrams. But I don't see it in Python and Javascript. How then to architect these systems? I've been searching for a approach to deal with django project with UML tools, but without success. Keep in mind that I'm a beginner in Django. -
Response times long for multiple users in Cloud Run for a Django application
I have a Django Rest Framework application which is hosted in Cloud Run. The normal response times for requests are around 100-200ms but no matter what I try I cannot get the same response times for multiple users. I have conducted load testing with Jmeter: for 200 users the best I can get is 1500ms average response time and for 500 around 4000ms (these are for "hot" instances). I have tried setting different values for gunicorn workers and thread (such as setting the max concurrency the same as # of cores * # of threads and setting the workers count the same as the number of CPUs and 2 * # of CPUs + 1) as well as trying with different CPU, memory and max instances and concurrent requests settings. I also checked that the Cloud SQL has sufficient CPU. What could be the bottleneck here? -
Email service with python + django deployment
I have a personal project, it's email service on django I already made it, but i have one question How can i connect this service to the web of other emails? Like i can send email from my service to gmail, and from gmail to my service There are nothing about it in the internet. The only one i saw, that i need to configure email server (?) Can you give me a roadmap of how can i do this? BIG NOTICE: IF YOU HAVE A BAD DAY OR SOMETHING ELSE, DO NOT ANSWER THIS QUESTION, OR DO NOT GIVE ANSWERS LIKE "YES YOU NEED TO CONFIGURE A EMAIL SERVER" THANKS IN ADVANCE -
Django HttpResponseNotFound Not Displaying Correctly in View
I am working on a Django project where I have a view called 'chapterPage' that is supposed to display a specific chapter. If the chapter with the given primary key (pk) doesn't exist, I want to return an HttpResponseNotFound response. However, I am encountering an issue where the "Chapter not found" is not being displayed when the chapter is not found. Code snippets: views.py: from django.http import HttpResponseNotFound from .models import Chapter def chapterPage(request, pk): try: chapter = Chapter.objects.get(id=pk) except Chapter.DoesNotExist: return HttpResponseNotFound("Chapter not found") urls.py: urlpatterns = [ path("chapter/<str:pk>/", views.chapterPage, name="chapter"), ] The chapter link on the other webpage: <div> <a href="{% url 'chapter' chapter.pk %}">{{chapter.number}}</a> </div> I made sure that the chapter exists in the database with the intended pk. Also, when I'm trying to search for a chapter using the URL 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/chapter/5933/' the terminal returns 'Not Found: /chapter/5933/m' or 'Not Found: /chapter/5933/n', basically an intended URL with a random character afterward. I am expecting to get HttpResponseNotFound("Chapter not found") if the chapter is not found. P.S. I have just started learning so any help is apreciated! -
Transfer the Django project to another computer and create a local network
I have created a Django project on my laptop with Pycharm and now I want to transfer it to a computer on the local network and use it as a network. All steps including: 1- Installing Python with the same version on the laptop 2- Creating a virtual environment with the same name as the virtual environment of the project 3- Copy the whole project in the new project 4- Of course, copy the packages of the virtual environment (do I have to install them?) 1- ALLOWED_HOSTS=['*'] 2-py manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000 I have done it correctly. But the speed of running the project in the browser is very low. please guide me. Thanks for your help dear friends -
My PostUpdateView does not send any data to form update template
error I have exactly the same structure for updating forum's posts, so they do work, but the article's ones don't. My article_update_form template simple does not receive any data from the view and therefore the slug is empty. My UpdateView class ArticlePostUpdateView(LoginRequiredMixin, UserPassesTestMixin, UpdateView): model = ArticlePost template_name = 'articles/article_form_update.html' form_class = ArticlePostForm def form_valid(self, form): form.instance.author = self.request.user messages.success(self.request, 'The article has been updated') return super().form_valid(form) def test_func(self): post = self.get_object() if self.request.user.id == post.article_users.user.id: return True return False urls: urlpatterns = [ path("posts/<slug>/", articles, name="articles"), path('<int:page_id>', pages.views.articles, name='page'), path("detail/<slug>/", detail, name="article_details"), path("new_article", new_article, name="new_article"), path("new_article/create_post", login_required(ArticlePostCreateView.as_view()), name="create_article"), path("post/<slug:slug>/update/", ArticlePostUpdateView.as_view(), name="update_post_article"), path('categories_list', categories_list, name="categories_list"), path("search_article_post", search_article_post, name="search_article_post"), path("category/<slug>/", category_articles, name="category_articles"), path("sort_by/<str:typesort>", articles_sort, name="articles_sort"), ] forms: class ArticlePostForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = ArticlePost fields = ("title", "categories", "content", "article_tags", 'article_image') exclude = ["article_users"] widget = { 'title': forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), 'content': forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), 'categories': forms.Select(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), 'article_tags': forms.Select(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), 'article_image': forms.Select(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), } def __setitem__(self, i, elem): self.list[i] = elem form template: <div class="form-group"> <form method="POST" action="{% url 'update_post_article' slug=post.slug %}"> {% csrf_token %} <div class="centered_create_post"> {% render_field form.title placeholder="Enter title" class+="form-control each_post_create" %} {% render_field form.content placeholder="Enter content" class+="form-control each_post_create pst_create_categories " %} {% render_field form.categories class+="form-control each_post_create pst_create_categories " … -
trying to set cookie in jsonresponse django
Hello I am trying to set a JWT token in a cookie in a jsonresponse when people login. this is my current code. response = JsonResponse({'status': 'success', 'user': user}) response.set_cookie( key='access_token', value=tokens["access"], max_age=900, domain='localhost', path='/', # secure=False, # httponly=True, # samesite='Lax' ) return response In my browser the cookie is never set. in my netwerk tab when i look at the login request i do see the cookie. Here are the headers of my request. And here you can find the cookies that are set in the browser. all help is greatly apprectiated. -
flutterwave standard integration Key error, Please, what could be wrong with my code?
Here is the view to my flutter_api view. def flutter_api(request,username,email,phone_no,price): auth_token= get_env_variable('SECRET_KEY')#env('SECRET_KEY') hed = {'Authorization': f"Bearer {auth_token}"} data = { "tx_ref":''+str(math.floor(1000000 + random.random()*9000000)), "amount":price, "currency":"NGN", "redirect_url":"http://localhost:8000/payments/verify_payment", "payment_options":"card, ussd, mobilemoneynigeria", "meta":{ "consumer_id":23, "consumer_mac":"92a3-912ba-1192a" }, "customer":{ "email":email, "phonenumber":phone_no, "name":username }, "customizations":{ "title":"ADi meals limited", "description":"Your Number one Food and Soup service", "logo":"https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/assets/brand/bootstrap-solid.svg" } } url = 'https://api.flutterwave.com/v3/payments' response = requests.post(url, json=data, headers=hed) response_data=response.json() link=response_data['data'], response_data['link'] return link it throws this error after running server Internal Server Error: /payments/flutter_api/sharperleinado/dannyhance7420@gmail.com/0815 667 7751/650.0 Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\USER\Documents\ADi meals mobile\my_site\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 55, in inner response = get_response(request) File "C:\Users\USER\Documents\ADi meals mobile\my_site\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 197, in _get_response response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs) File "C:\Users\USER\Documents\ADi meals mobile\my_site\payments\views.py", line 95, in flutter_api link=response_data['data'], response_data['link'] KeyError: 'link' [23/Sep/2023 16:16:35] "GET /payments/flutter_api/sharperleinado/dannyhance7420@gmail.com/0815%20667%207751/650.0 HTTP/1.1" 500 69757 -
Python, Django: django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: AUTH_USER_MODEL refers to model 'accounts.Usuarios' that has not been installed
Good morning! Although questions similar to this have been posted here, I have not been able to resolve my issue yet. I have tried all proposed solutions. The problem started after I put, or at least tried to put, "email" as the username, removing the username from the model. I will share the points that I think are relevant. If you need more, you can ask. problem: PS C:\SocialFacil\socialfacil_web> python manage.py runserver Watching for file changes with StatReloader Exception in thread django-main-thread: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\SocialFacil\lib\site-packages\django\apps\config.py", line 235, in get_model return self.models[model_name.lower()] KeyError: 'usuarios' During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\SocialFacil\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\__init__.py", line 170, in get_user_model return django_apps.get_model(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, require_ready=False) File "C:\SocialFacil\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 213, in get_model return app_config.get_model(model_name, require_ready=require_ready) File "C:\SocialFacil\lib\site-packages\django\apps\config.py", line 237, in get_model raise LookupError( LookupError: App 'accounts' doesn't have a 'Usuarios' model. During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\Victor\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\threading.py", line 1009, in _bootstrap_inner self.run() File "C:\Users\Victor\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\threading.py", line 946, in run self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs) File "C:\SocialFacil\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 64, in wrapper fn(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\SocialFacil\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 125, in inner_run autoreload.raise_last_exception() File "C:\SocialFacil\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 87, in raise_last_exception raise _exception[1] File "C:\SocialFacil\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line … -
Please how to solve NoReverseMatch
Reverse for 'student_detail' with keyword arguments '{'student_id': 'STUD/1/230922'}' not found. 1 pattern(s) tried: ['students/STUD/(?P<student_id>[0-9]+)/(?P<current_date>[0-9]+)/\Z'] this is how I set my urls.py path('STUD/int:student_id/int:current_date/', views.StudentDetailView.as_view(), name='student_detail'), -
Is it possible to save a class using django redis cache to use it after the user reconnects
I need to save a class to use it if the websocket disconnects and assign it to the websocket again if it reconnects. But when saving i get this error: "Exception inside application: Can't pickle local object" which i think is because i cant save a class to the cache. Is it possible to overcome this and save the class in the cache? -
How can I give input with getpass to a Django app when deploying using Nginx, Gunicorn and systemd?
I have a Django app that has key on disk which is encrypted using AES Cypher, and must be unencrypted in memory for use during the processes. I have this line in settings.py: AES_CIPHER_KEY = getpass("Enter AES cipher key: (leave blank if you don't need decryption)") This is my gunicorn.socket: [Unit] Description=gunicorn socket [Socket] ListenStream=/run/gunicorn.sock [Install] WantedBy=sockets.target This is my gunicorn.service: [Unit] Description=gunicorn daemon Requires=gunicorn.socket After=network.target [Service] User=root Group=www-data WorkingDirectory=/root/samir/src/samirpy ExecStart=/root/samir/venv/bin/gunicorn --access-logfile --workers 3 --bind unix:/var/log/gunicorn/samir.sock samir.wsgi:application [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target This is my nginx.conf: server { listen 80; server_name example.com; location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; } location /static/ { root /var/www; } location / { include proxy_params; proxy_pass http://unix:/run/gunicorn.sock; } } This is wsgi.py: import os from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'samir.settings') application = get_wsgi_application() What I would like to happen is when I update the code and restart the service using: sudo systemctl restart gunicorn it prompts for the key before starting the main process. -
Daphne websocket stop responding after somtime
Project Specs: Django 3.2.4 , Channels 3.0.5 , Channel-redis 3.4.1 , Daphne 3.0.2. I setup a chat system, which communicate using websocket. On page load, everything works fine, but after few seconds only (~20-30 sec), data sending and receiving halt. On refresh page, it again start working. I am not sure, this issue araise from Consumers file or Daphne from my server. below is my --access-log of daphne enter image description here I tried debugging consumers.py and found nothing, but not sure how to debug daphne or server side issue. Please guide me some checklist to trace issue. I want the connection stay ALIVE for 30 minutes atleast. For setting up daphne on nginx, i followed this tutorial. -
Django threaded comments (MPTT) optimization issue
I'm using MPTT model to build a nested comments system in my Django Rest project. Everything works so far but I experience a huge performance issue when querying a database for API response. The schema of comments layout: Root Comment / \ Comment Comment / \ Child Child Whenever I'm querying all comments as an array in API response recursively: { "comments": [ { "id": 1, "children": [ "id": 4, "children": [ "id": 5, "children": ... ] ] } In this case even with "prefetch_related" and "select_related" I'm getting over 50 queries for 2 parent(root) comments (which have children comments and so on). Is there an efficient way to optimize this query? Even 2 levels comments system is acceptable for me but I can't figure out the right implementation for this: Comment \ Child1, Child2, Child3, Child4 My code for reference: class Comment(MPTTModel): profile = models.ForeignKey(Profile, related_name="comments", on_delete=CASCADE) post = models.ForeignKey(Post, related_name="comments", on_delete=CASCADE) parent = TreeForeignKey("self", related_name="children", null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE) text = models.TextField(max_length=350) date_published = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="Date published") comments = Comment.objects.filter(level=0) \ .select_related("profile", "post", "profile__specialization") \ .prefetch_related("children", "parent") \ .order_by("-date_published") -
Python Django Updating object IntegrityError, NOT NULL constraint failed
I'm trying to create view for my Food Tracking App where I can first pick a given date and then add items to the FoodLog object, however while viewing macros work after picking date, I can't really add any new other objects becuase of the following error: django.db.utils.IntegrityError: NOT NULL constraint failed: accounts_foodlogfooditem.food_log_id [23/Sep/2023 13:56:08] "POST /accounts/food-log/ HTTP/1.1" 500 153768 I want to make it so that first I'll be able to pick a date and then either show what's in the FoodLog or be able to add new objects to it. My View: def food_log(request): food_log = None total_macros = {} if request.method == 'POST': date_form = DateForm(request.POST) food_item_form = FoodLogFoodItemForm(request.POST) if date_form.is_valid(): selected_date = date_form.cleaned_data['date'] food_log, created = FoodLog.objects.get_or_create(user=request.user, date=selected_date) total_macros = food_log.calculate_total_macros_log() if food_item_form.is_valid(): food_log_food_item = food_item_form.save(commit=False) food_log_food_item.food_log = food_log food_log_food_item.save() else: today = timezone.now().date() food_log = FoodLog.objects.filter(user=request.user, date=today).first() date_form = DateForm(initial={'date': today}) if food_log: total_macros = food_log.calculate_total_macros_log() food_item_form = FoodLogFoodItemForm() return render(request, 'food_log.html', {'food_log': food_log, 'date_form': date_form, 'food_item_form': food_item_form, 'total_macros': total_macros}) Models I have: class FoodLog(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) foods = models.ManyToManyField(FoodItem, blank=True, through='FoodLogFoodItem') meals = models.ManyToManyField(Meal, blank=True, through='FoodLogMeal') date = models.DateField() def calculate_total_macros_log(self): log_total_kcal = 0 log_total_carbohydrates = 0 log_total_fats = 0 log_total_proteins = … -
Why i can't use migrations with user_account in my INTERNAL APPS
When creating a custom model, when I register the app in INTERNAL APPS, the program doesn't allow me to perform migrations and throws an error: "ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'user_account'." (Python Django). I have tried cleaning the database as we did in the class and recreating it, but with the 'user_account' line in INTERNAL APPS, it refuses to perform the migration, and without it, it says that 'user_account' is uninstalled. -
What options are available for performance tuning a soundx query?
I was recently asked about improving website performance for a peers website. What options are typically used for performance tuning sites enabled with Soundx? Overview Using the homophones Smith/Smythe, I was able to reproduce the behavior of the website query response time described. These are measured at the browser so there's a lot that could go into the number, but generally speaking the values were what we would expect, less for the non-Soundex search and more for Soundex search. Smith - Not Soundex - (1705 results) - 6.62s server wait Smythe - Not Soundex - (8 results). - 5.51s server wait Smith - Soundex - (4446 results) - 9.47s server wait Smythe - Soundex - (4446 results) - 10.85s server wait Technical Stack language - python - 2.7.5 framework - Django - 1.3 database - not yet known - not yet known NOTE: Database type and version will most likely play a role in what solutions are viable. Sources Performance: Put soundex in DB or translate it after the query? https://support.ancestry.com/s/article/Searching-with-Soundex Similar Questions Using soundex feature w/django search engine -
Using django_debug_toolbar alongside drf_spectacular
I'm using drf_spectacular as swagger for my django projects since drf_yasg is deprecated. I tried to use django_debug_toolbar alongside drf_spectacular and I followed all of the instructions. The debug_toolbar's icon appears in swagger but when I try to call any api, a 'Not Found' error keeps showing up repeatedly! What is the problem? What should I do? -
join() argument must be str, bytes, or os.PathLike object, not 'NoneType' with Django
I'm running into an issue on my Django app. The issue is when I click on Add a Record the app returns the error: join() argument must be str, bytes, or os.PathLike object, not 'NoneType' but it shouldn't since I'm not doing any joining in my code. The view for this is: def add_job_record(request): add_form = AddJobTrackerForm(request.POST or None) if request.user.is_authenticated: if request.method == "POST": if add_form.is_valid(): add_job_record = add_form.save() messages.success(request, 'Job Tracker added') return redirect('core:home') return render(request, 'applications/add_record.html', {'add_form': add_form}) else: messages.danger(request, "You must be logged in") return redirect('core:home') I found a post here (I forgot to save the link) where the answer was to remove {'add_form': add_form} from my code but the form doesn't show up on the page when I removed it -
Can't integrate dist folder from React+Vite(Frontend) to Django Application(Backend)
I am building a SAAS application and I am using React + Vite as frontend and Django for Backend , I was testing authentication system by integrating build or dist folder after performing npm run build in FRONTEND application and copying it in Django's project directory I have updated my settings.py TEMPLATES constant : TEMPLATES = [ { 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'dist')], 'APP_DIRS': True, 'OPTIONS': { 'context_processors': [ 'django.template.context_processors.debug', 'django.template.context_processors.request', 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', ], }, }, ] I added STATIC FOLDER SETTINGS : STATIC_URL = '/static/' STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static_root') STATICFILES_DIRS = [BASE_DIR / "static"] I ran python manage.py collectstatic command I updated my project's urls.py file rom django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path,include,re_path from django.views.generic import TemplateView from django.conf import settings from django.conf.urls.static import static urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('auth/', include('djoser.urls')), path('auth/', include('djoser.urls.jwt')), ] urlpatterns+=[re_path(r'^.*',TemplateView.as_view(template_name='index.html'))] if settings.DEBUG: urlpatterns += static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT) Not sure when I do python manage.py runserver , I am getting this in console and my frontend is not loaded localhost/:12 Refused to apply style from 'http://localhost:8000/assets/index-229ba335.css' because its MIME type ('text/html') is not a supported stylesheet MIME type, and strict MIME checking is enabled. index-bb014e79.js:1 Failed to load module script: Expected a JavaScript module script … -
i keep having an error in the {{ form|crispy }} line how to fix it?
`{% extends "blog/base.html" %} {% load crispy_forms_tags %} {% block content %} <div class="content-section"> <form method="POST"> {% csrf_token %} <fieldset class="form-group"> <legend class="border-bottom mb-4"> Join today </legend> {{ form|crispy}} </fieldset> <div class ="form-group"> <button class="btn-outline-info " type="submit">Sign Up</button> </div> </form> <div class="border-top pt-3"> <small class="text-muted">Already have an account<a class="ml-2" href="#">Sign in</a> </small> </div> </div> {% endblock content %}` i tried the {% crispy form %} as well but still there is an error i did all these steps : Check Crispy Forms Configuration: Ensure that you have properly configured django-crispy-forms to use Bootstrap. In your project's settings.py, make sure you have set the CRISPY_TEMPLATE_PACK to 'bootstrap4' if you are using Bootstrap 4: python Copy code CRISPY_TEMPLATE_PACK = 'bootstrap4' Check Installed Apps: Verify that 'crispy_forms' is included in your INSTALLED_APPS list in settings.py. It should look like this: python Copy code INSTALLED_APPS = [ # ... 'crispy_forms', # ... ] Check Template Load Tags: Ensure that you have loaded the crispy_forms_tags at the top of your template file: html Copy code {% load crispy_forms_tags %} Correct Template Tag Usage: Double-check that you are using the {{ form|crispy }} filter correctly to render your form with Crispy Forms: html Copy code {{ … -
My value violates not-null constraint when its not null
I encountered an exception while saving the model django.db.utils.IntegrityError: null value in column "city" of relation "price_shop" violates not-null constraint DETAIL: Failing row contains (<id>, <name>, <address>, <ratings>, <owner__id>, <contacts>, <categories>, null, <city>). I don't know what is null means, maybe this counted as city My models.py file: from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model class City(models.Model): readonly_fields = ('lower_name',) exclude = ('name_lower ',) name = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True) name_lower = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True, editable=False) def save(self, *args, **kwargs): self.name_lower = self.name.lower() super().save(*args, **kwargs) class Shop(models.Model): readonly_fields = ('ratings',) exclude = ('ratings ',) name = models.CharField(max_length=50) address = models.CharField(max_length=100) ratings = models.FloatField(default=0.0, editable=False) contacts = models.JSONField(default=dict, null=True, blank=True) categories = models.JSONField(default=dict, null=True, blank=True) city = models.ForeignKey(City, models.PROTECT, to_field='name', null=True, blank=True) owner = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, null=True, blank=True) def __str__(self): return self.name class Item(models.Model): readonly_fields = ('name_lower',) exclude = ('name_lower ',) name = models.CharField(max_length=50) name_lower = models.CharField(max_length=50, editable=False) price = models.IntegerField() sale = models.IntegerField(default=0) in_stock = models.BooleanField(default=True) category = models.IntegerField() image = models.ImageField(upload_to='static', null=True, blank=True) markdown = models.TextField(null=True, default="Магазин не оставил описания") tags = models.JSONField() shop = models.ForeignKey(Shop, on_delete=models.CASCADE) def save(self, *args, **kwargs): self.name_lower = self.name.lower() super().save(*args, **kwargs) def __str__(self) -> str: return f"{self.shop.name}: {self.name}" class Review(models.Model): author = … -
AssertionError at /create-user/ Expected a `Response`, `HttpResponse` or `HttpStreamingResponse` to be returned from the view
AssertionError at /create-user/ Expected a Response, HttpResponse or HttpStreamingResponse to be returned from the view, but received a <class 'NoneType'> models.py: `class UserProfile(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) points_earned = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0) downloaded_apps = models.ForeignKey(App, on_delete=models.CASCADE, blank=True, null=True) task = models.ForeignKey(Task, on_delete=models.CASCADE, blank=True, null=True) class Task(models.Model): completed = models.BooleanField(default=False) screenshot = models.ImageField(upload_to='screenshots/', blank=True, null=True) class App(models.Model): app_name = models.CharField(max_length=30) icon = models.ImageField(upload_to='icons/', blank=True, null=True) points = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0) created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, blank=True)` Serializers: `class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = User fields = ['username', 'password'] class UserProfileSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): user = UserSerializer() class Meta: model = UserProfile fields = '__all__'` views.py: @api_view(['POST']) def create_user(request): try: if request.method == 'POST': data = request.data serializer = UserProfileSerializer(data=request.DATA) if serializer.is_valid(): serializer.save() return Response({'message': f"user {data['username']} created"}, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) except Exception as e: return Response({'message': f'{e}'}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) json data for post request: {"username": "user1", "password": "dummyPass@01"} after I provide this data, it returns me the above mentioned error Why does it happen? I checked other similar questions where I found that return was missing for most of the cases before Response().
