Django community: RSS
This page, updated regularly, aggregates Django Q&A from the Django community.
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Django Connection Timed Out when accessing the website
I have hosted my django website on a LINUX machine. I have also granted all the required permissions to my project directory. But when I am trying to access the website from my browser I am getting an error Connection Timed Out on the page. This is my /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf <VirtualHost *:80> # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that # the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating # redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to # match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless. # However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly. #ServerName www.example.com ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost #DocumentRoot /var/www/html # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn, # error, crit, alert, emerg. # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular # modules, e.g. #LogLevel info ssl:warn ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is … -
Onclick, scroll to div that is dynamically generated
I'm working with the Wagtail CMS, most of my content is dynamically generated - which makes things like this a little tricky for me. Basically I want to click on my sidebar item and scroll to that section within my page. <div class="sidebar"> <nav> <ul> {% for block in page.article_content %} <li><a class="section-link" id="{{ block.value.header }}" href="">{{ block.value.header }}</a></li> {% endfor %} </ul> </nav> My sidebar code generates li elements for each block.value.header I have on the page. <div class="container"> {% for block in page.article_content %} <main> <section id="{{ block.value.header }}"> <h1 class="headline-text section-header" >{{ block.value.header}}</h1> <div class="header-bar"></div> <div class="case-study-body-container" > {{ block.value.description|richtext }} </div> </section> </main> {% endfor %} script.js looks like this JS Code let mainNavLinks = document.querySelectorAll("nav ul li a.section-link"); let mainSections = document.querySelectorAll("main section"); console.log(mainNavLinks) let lastId; let cur = []; window.addEventListener("scroll", event => { let fromTop = window.scrollY; mainNavLinks.forEach(link => { let section = document.querySelector(link.hash); if ( section.offsetTop <= fromTop && section.offsetTop + section.offsetHeight > fromTop ) { link.classList.add("current"); } else { link.classList.remove("current"); } }); }); The error I'm getting at the moment is: Uncaught DOMException: Failed to execute 'querySelector' on 'Document': The provided selector is empty. Heres what the page looks like to give … -
Django - Using URL dispatchers in site-level urls.py
I want to do something like this where I have a user's uuid in the path of each user-specific app: urlpatterns = [ # URLs for all users path('', HomePageView.as_view(), name='home'), ... # URLs specific to a particular user path('<uuid:user_id>/', UserHomePageView.as_view(), name='user_home'), path('<uuid:user_id>/assets/', include('mysite.assets.urls', namespace='user_assets')), path('<uuid:user_id>/components/', include('mysite.components.urls', namespace='user_components')), path('<uuid:user_id>/service_requests/', include('mysite.service_requests.urls', namespace='user_service_requests')), ... ] I'm not sure how this would work. Would the uuid be passed to every view in each of the apps? I have been searching all over the place, but haven't found any examples of others doing something like this. -
Django: Postgressql Trigger
I have this query in postgres, i just want to trigger the "StudentsEnrolledSubjects" table when "StudentsEnrollmentRecords" found. but error says: ERROR: syntax error at or near "INSERT" i dont know how to fix this, do you have any idea? please help me.. Insert into StudentsEnrolledSubjects (Students_Enrollment_Records_id,Subject_Section_Teacher_id, Status) SELECT a.id AS Students_Enrollment_Records_id, b.id AS Subject_Section_Teacher_id, 'Active' as Status FROM dbo.StudentsEnrollmentRecords AS a INNER JOIN dbo.SubjectSectionTeacher AS b ON a.School_Year_id = b.School_Year_id AND a.Education_Levels_id = b.Education_Levels_id AND a.Courses_id = b.Courses_id AND a.Section_id = b.Section_id Where a.Section_id = @Section_id and a.Education_Levels_id=@Education_Levels_id and a.Courses_id=@Courses_id and a.Section_id=@Section_id and a.Student_Users_id=@Student_Users_id -
How to serve a private file from a non static directory in Django?
I'm trying to serve a private file from Django. Although it's not super private because I don't need @login_required, I just need a view level permission, and it's what I assume is a quick and dirty way to get what I need done. I'm also not serving a file from a model. I just want to serve AAA.mp4 on the same page as the template, not as a forced download by setting a header. I know the browser has no idea what the file server's structure is, but assume this structure: projectcontainer/ project/ ... settings.py static/ media/ PROTECTED/ AAA.mp4 I don't want anyone to be able to right click for the page source, go to the url, and view the mp4 like that. So here's what I have so far: from django.core.files.storage import FileSystemStorage from django.conf import settings import os PRIVATE_STORAGE_ROOT = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR, 'PROTECTED') def protected_page(request): temp_password = request.POST.get('temp_password') if request.method =='POST': if temp_password == 'a_temp_password': fs = FileSystemStorage(location=PRIVATE_STORAGE_ROOT + '\\AAA.mp4') response = render(request, 'template.html', {'temp_password': True, 'fs': fs}) return response return render(request, 'template.html', {}) <video width="75%" height="auto" controls class="margintop100px"> <source src="{{ fs.location }}" /> Your browser doesn't support the mp4 video format. </video> Given the temp_password passes the test, … -
How to connect post_save signal?
I have two post_save signals which were previously working but one is getting skipped for some reason. It seems the first of the two signals is not being called upon creation of the 'Casino' instance. @receiver(post_save, sender=Casino) def create_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs): """Creates casino profile when casino is created.""" if created: CasinoProfile.objects.create(casino=instance) @receiver(post_save, sender=Casino) def save_profile(sender, instance, **kwargs): """Saves casino profile.""" instance.profile.save() The CasinoProfile model looks as such: class CasinoProfile(models.Model): """ Store casino profile and image, related to: :model:`casinos.Casino` """ casino = models.OneToOneField( Casino, on_delete=models.CASCADE) image = models.ImageField( default='default.png', upload_to='profile_pics') def __str__(self): return f'{self.casino} Profile' The error is: AttributeError at /casinos/ 'Casino' object has no attribute 'profile' ...which is acting upon: instance.profile.save(). This tells me that the create_profile signal is getting skipped; but why? -
verifying users email using django rest auth without errors
I am creating a rest API and using Django-rest-auth to verify and create users. Everything works until I click the link to verify the user's email, but I get an error instead error message upon following the link to verify the email NoReverseMatch at /account-confirm-email/MjI:1iNmbO:BWhf4WhFzVR99YVYUqCB6X2CbcE/ Reverse for 'account_email' not found. 'account_email' is not a valid view function or pattern name. settings.py INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.sites', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'rest_framework', 'rest_framework.authtoken', 'rest_auth', 'rest_auth.registration', 'allauth', 'allauth.account', 'allauth.socialaccount', 'allauth.socialaccount.providers.google', 'allauth.socialaccount.providers.facebook', 'users', ] ACCOUNT_USER_MODEL_USERNAME_FIELD = None ACCOUNT_EMAIL_REQUIRED = True ACCOUNT_USERNAME_REQUIRED = False ACCOUNT_AUTHENTICATION_METHOD = 'email' ACCOUNT_UNIQUE_EMAIL = True ACCOUNT_LOGOUT_ON_GET = True ACCOUNT_EMAIL_CONFIRMATION_EXPIRE_DAYS = 1 ACCOUNT_EMAIL_VERIFICATION = "mandatory" ACCOUNT_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS_LIMIT = 5 ACCOUNT_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS_TIMEOUT = 86400 # 1 day in seconds ACCOUNT_LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL ='/accounts/login/' LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = '/accounts/profile' SOCIALACCOUNT_EMAIL_VERIFICATION = 'none' EMAIL_USE_TLS = True EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.gmail.com' EMAIL_PORT = 587 EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'test@gmail.com' EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'test' DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = 'test@gmail.com' DEFAULT_TO_EMAIL = EMAIL_HOST_USER EMAIL_CONFIRMATION_AUTHENTICATED_REDIRECT_URL = '/' urls.py from rest_auth.registration.views import VerifyEmailView urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), url('api/rest-auth/', include('rest_auth.urls')), url('api/rest-auth/registration/', include('rest_auth.registration.urls')), re_path(r'^account-confirm-email/$', VerifyEmailView.as_view(), name='account_email_verification_sent'), re_path(r'^account-confirm-email/(?P<key>[-:\w]+)/$', VerifyEmailView.as_view(), name='account_confirm_email'), ] A quick fix I made which solved the error a BIT but made it NOT a Rest API was adding a bunch of URLs as shown below from allauth.account import … -
python crash course 19-1 Blog editing posts not working
I'm working on the project Blog, the new_post works but can't get edit_post to work. In posts.html, if I keep the "post.id" on the link 'edit post', when I run localhost:8000, it shows "NoReverseMatch"; if I delete the "post.id", I'm able to get the edit post tag on the homepage but when click on it, it shows "TypeError at /edit_post/".what do I do wrong? I've been going through this problem a couple days, can't find the solution, please help! models.py from django.db import models class BlogPost(models.Model): '''A blog''' title = models.CharField(max_length=200) text = models.TextField() date_added = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) def __str__(self): '''Return a string representation of the model.''' return self.title def __str__(self): '''Return a string representation of the model.''' if len(self.text) > 50: return self.text[:50] + '...' else: return self.text forms.py from django import forms from .models import BlogPost class PostForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = BlogPost fields = ['text'] labels = {'text': ''} urls.py '''Defines URL patterns for blogs.''' from django.urls import path from . import views app_name = 'blogs' urlpatterns = [ # Home page path('', views.posts, name='posts'), # Page for adding a new post path('new_post/', views.new_post, name='new_post'), # Page for editing a post path('edit_post/', views.edit_post, name='edit_post'), ] views.py from django.shortcuts … -
Using .filter in Django to see if title contains a certain string?
My code is: posts = Listing.objects.filter(title=q, is_live=1) I need the equivalent of: posts = Listing.objects.filter(q in title, is_live=1) How can I just determine if a certain bit of text exists and isn't exactly equal to the query? -
Use a macro value in a tag that accepts parameters [Django]
Since the same block cannot be used more than once in a template, I am using macros (aka kwacros) inside of my Django templates so that I can reuse the values passed into the blocks. I would then like to be able to pass some of these values into the parameters of an include tag but I cannot figure out how this is supposed to be done. This causes an error: {% include 'meta_tags.html' description="{% usemacro description %}" %} Is this something that can be done or am I trying to do something that no human should ever do. -
How to generate swagger documentation for 'other' URLconfs from apps included into the project urls.py
I am working on a project using the following dependencies: Python 3.7 django 2.2.6 djangorestframework 3.9.4 I am creating multiple apps and each of these apps has their own urls.py files which are included in the URLs file of the parent project. I wish to create swagger documentation for the API endpoints described in the included URLconf files. However, swagger only documents URLs mapped in the parent URLconf file. I have already tried including the swagger view in the URLconfs of the projects but it still serves the parent URLconf only. Basically, I have added the below code to all my URLconf's from rest_framework_swagger.views import get_swagger_view schema_view = get_swagger_view(title='Some APIs') urlpatterns = [ path('', schema_view), ] -
Search from every pages in django
i want to add search in my website and i want search from my pages (html) ** note : i want grab the label tag , i mean for example : i have label tag called ' test ' and when user write in search bar 'test' i want view the label to user in new page my label like this : <label id="label_main_app"> <img id="img_main_app_first_screen" src="{% static "images/android_studio.jpg" %}" alt="" > test <br><br> <p id="p_size_first_page">this is an test app <br> <br> <a href="https://www.fb.com" type="button" class="btn btn-primary"><big> See More & Download </big> </a> </p> always i got this message in result page : not found my code : * this form in home html page <form class="" action="{% url 'test_search_page'%}" method="get"> <div class="md-form mt-0 search-bar" id="search_form"> <input id="search_box" autocomplete="off" onkeyup="searchFunction()" class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Write Here to Search ..." aria-label="Search" name="search"> </div> </form> and this is my view.py code : def search(request): input= 'search' my_template_keyword = ['label'] if 'search' in request.GET and request.GET['search'] and input == my_template_keyword: return render(request, 'home_page/testforsearch.html', {'search:':search})` finally this is my code in html result page : <div class="container"> {% if search%} {{search}} {%else%} <h2>not found</h2> {%endif%} any help please ? -
Adding a unique template in python-phonenumbers
I found project on Github that can help me to validate correct input of phonenumbers, there is such class validating it: class PhoneNumberField(CharField): default_validators = [validate_international_phonenumber] def __init__(self, *args, region=None, **kwargs): super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.widget.input_type = "tel" validate_region(region) self.region = region if "invalid" not in self.error_messages: if region: number = phonenumbers.example_number(region) example_number = to_python(number).as_national # Translators: {example_number} is a national phone number. error_message = _( "Enter a valid phone number (e.g. {example_number}) " "or a number with an international call prefix." ) else: example_number = "+12125552368" # Ghostbusters # Translators: {example_number} is an international phone number. error_message = _("Enter a valid phone number (e.g. {example_number}).") self.error_messages["invalid"] = error_message.format( example_number=example_number ) def to_python(self, value): phone_number = to_python(value, region=self.region) if phone_number in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: return self.empty_value if phone_number and not phone_number.is_valid(): raise ValidationError(self.error_messages["invalid"]) return phone_number But problem is i want to add one more template of phone number to consider phone number is correct E.g in Russian equivalent i would wrote 8 instead of +7 and consider it a correct way to input , but how i can do this ? Project link is here : Here -
Error: didn't return an HttpResponse object. It returned None instead
I want to press a button in an html-template <form action="{% url 'speech2text' %}" class="card-text" method="POST"> {% csrf_token %} <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" type="submit">Start</button> </form> <p> Sie haben das folgende gesagt: </p> <p> {{ speech_text }} </p> by pressing the button, the code in the following view shall be executed and send back the result into the template: def speech2textView(request): if request.method == "POST": r = sr.Recognizer() with sr.Microphone() as source: audio = r.listen(source) text = r.recognize_google(audio, language="de-DE") args = {'speech_text': Text} return render(request, 'speech2text.html', args) Whats wrong here? many thanks for your help. -
How to install tortoise hg Mercurial on Windows, virtual environment
I am trying to install Django's debug_toolbar line profiler. As per the docs, I need to install Mercurial. I have installed Mercurial on my Windows machine and it looks OK when I type hg in the command prompt outside of my project's virtual environment. The problem is that the same command throws an error when I enter it inside the virtual environment: ERROR: Error [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified while executing command hg clone --noupdate -q https://bitbucket.org/kmike/line_profiler 'c:\[user]\environments\[project]\src\line-profiler' ERROR: Cannot find command 'hg' - do you have 'hg' installed and in your PATH? How do I fix that? The end goal is to install line_profiler -
problems with django-ckeditor
I have problems with ckeditor as to how it is shown in my template. It is shown as follows: As you can see the element does not respect the given space. Also when inspecting the code and making the screen smaller does not fit the screen, it always has the same size. Try to solve it with the following CSS styles: .django-ckeditor-widget, .cke_editor_id_content { width: 100% !important; max-width: 821px !important; } But it still has the same behavior and does not work. Any solution to solve this problem? -
Proper way to save image from front end app to backend API
In my case I'm using AngularJS and Django backend with Django Rest framework. So I need to save a Profile data with image. My model in database looks like: class Profile(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField() avatar = models.ImageField() But I can't decide what a best way to save this image on front end. Solution 1 - Convert image to base64 and create Base64Serializer in Django: https://xploit29.com/2016/09/13/upload-files-to-django-rest-framework-using-angularjs/ For me the most easy way Solution 2 - Multipart/form-data File Upload with AngularJS https://withintent.uncorkedstudios.com/multipart-form-data-file-upload-with-angularjs-c23bf6eeb298 I don't like the things like: $http.post(uploadUrl, fd, { transformRequest: angular.identity, headers: {'Content-Type': undefined} }) Looks like hack. And the same on backend side. We need to use https://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/parsers/#multipartparser Solution 3 - Create a separate view to upload files and change database to: class Image(models.Model): image = models.ImageField() class Profile(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField() avatar = models.ForeignKey('Image', null=True, blank=True, on_delete=NULL) It is complicate to use on existing database, but seems very flexible. But also using solution 2 to implement file upload -
Define a list_filter on a manual many-to-many relationship in Django Admin
I have manually devised a many-to-many relationship between a Clothes model and a Seasons model by using a pivot model called Clothes2Seasons, like so: class Seasons(models.Model): name = models.TextField(max_length=10) def __str__(self): return self.name class Clothes(models.Model): name = models.TextField(max_length=20) class Meta: verbose_name = "Clothes" verbose_name_plural = "Clothes" class Cloth2Seasons(models.Model): clothes = models.ForeignKey(Clothes,on_delete=models.PROTECT) seasons = models.ForeignKey(Seasons,on_delete=models.PROTECT) class Meta: verbose_name = "Season" verbose_name_plural = "Seasons" unique_together = ('clothes', 'seasons',) How can I define a function that will allow me to filter on Clothes that have one or multiple seasons (if possible, I would like to have both AND and OR, as in django_admin_multiple_choice_list_filter). -
Resolving "GET /blog HTTP/1.1" 404 2065 (Python Django Tutorial: Full-Featured Web App Part 2 - Applications and Routes)
I am trying to follow this tutorial https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a48xeeo5Vnk&list=PL-osiE80TeTtoQCKZ03TU5fNfx2UY6U4p&index=2 on YouTube. I am getting the error message [24/Oct/2019 22:41:41] "GET /blog HTTP/1.1" 404 2065. urls.py from django.urls import path from .import views urlpatterns = [ path('', views.home, name='blog-home'), ] views.py from django.shortcuts import render from django.http import HttpResponse def home(request): return HttpResposne('<h1>Blog Home</h1>') # Create your views here. urls.py - django_project1 """django_project1 URL Configuration The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/http/urls/ Examples: Function views 1. Add an import: from my_app import views 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home') Class-based views 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home') Including another URLconf 1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls')) """ from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path,include urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('blog/', include('blog.urls')), ] I have tried to clear my history, cache and restart the server. I tried to find any typos I may have made. Other questions on SO about similar issues are either not referencing the tutorial series I am following or are referencing a later episode of the … -
Is it a good practice to have some code running independently of the main app but connecting to the same DB?
I'm a beginner python programmer. I am deploying my Django app to an IT Automation platform (like Heroku) using PostgresQL as the DB. In parallel I also want to deploy several python codes that should collect some data and connect to DB to make updates. I want those codes to run independently (on a separate virtual machine) because I will use cron to schedule their launches and also in order not to overload the app. Some codes will be run every minute updating the DB. So the Django app mostly reads records from the DB, only writing to it when creates/deletes users. Is it a good practise to have a such structure? What problems may arise? What are other options? -
Is it possible to run unit tests on code that uses subprocess?
My Django app has some management commands that start other management commands using subprocess.Popen(['manage.py', '<command>', ...). They are kept like this mainly to run processes in parallel and prevent one command from interfering with another. However, when writing unit tests these new processes don't use the test environment and database and therefore fail. For now, I've added a setting that runs call_command() instead of Popen() (see below): if settings.TESTING: self.returncode = call_command(self.command, *params) else: self.process = subprocess.Popen(['python', 'manage.py', self.command] + params) # ... later on: self.process.wait() self.returncode = self.process.returncode However the subprocess calls and the logic involved in waiting remains untested. Is it possible to test subprocess calls within the unit tests? Note: the test database is not an in-memory SQLite - I know that wouldn't work. It's an actual database that is created and destroyed every run. -
How to dispatch request to some view depending on http method?
I have Post django model: class Post(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=200) body = models.TextField() Serializers: class PostListSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Post fields = ('id', 'title') class PostDetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Post fields = '__all__' Views: class PostListView(generics.ListAPIView): queryset = Post.objects.all() serializer = PostListSerializer class CreatePostView(generics.CreateAPIView): queryset = Post.objects.all() serializer = PostDetailSerializer permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticated,) Endpoint is /api/posts/ How to dispatch request to PostListView if HTTP Method is GET and to CreatePostView if HTTP Method is POST? -
Django Celery Invoking Periodically and Manually
I'm using Django and Celery for scheduling tasks. tasks.py @periodic_task(run_every=crontab(hour='00', minute='00', day_of_week="*")) def hello_world(0): print('hello world!) In addition to running the function daily, I need to be able to invoke it manually. If a user presses a button in the front-end it will run. I could do: @periodic_task(run_every=crontab(hour='00', minute='00', day_of_week="*")) def hello_world(0): print('hello world!) @task() def hello_world(0): print('hello world!) But that goes against DRY. Also, I may have more than one function that will have this same scenario. I will need to run it periodically, but also upon request. I tried this: def hello_world(): print('hello world!) @periodic_task(run_every=crontab(hour='00', minute='00', day_of_week="*")) hello_world() @task hello_world() But that does not work. I get invalid syntax I haven't been able to find this scenario in the documentation or other stackoverflow answers. They talk about invoking the function from the shell. Help would be appreciated. Thanks! -
Django is synchronous or asynchronous?
Django is synchronous or asynchronous? I want to know that the Django Framework is Synchronous or Asynchronous. I have heard about the interview problems they ask about the framework you are using is synchronous or asynchronous. So I want to know the meaning of Synchronous and Asynchronous in terms of web development. -
How to make Django model field derive its value from another field and be non editable
I have a use case in which i have created a custom user model in Django rest framework and another model called Book which is created by a user . My models looks like below : from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import ( AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager, PermissionsMixin) from django.conf import settings class UserManager(BaseUserManager): def create_user(self, email, password=None, author_pseudonm=None, **extra_fields): """Creates and saves a new user """ if not email: raise ValueError('Users must have an email address') if not author_pseudonm: raise ValueError("User must have an author pseudo name field") user = self.model(email=self.normalize_email(email), author_pseudonm=author_pseudonm, **extra_fields) user.set_password(password) user.save(using=self._db) return user def create_superuser(self, email, password, author_pseudonm): """Creates and saves a new super user""" user = self.create_user( email=email, password=password, author_pseudonm=author_pseudonm) user.is_staff = True user.is_superuser = True user.save(using=self._db) return user class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin): """Custom user model which supports using email instead of username""" email = models.EmailField(max_length=255, unique=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=255) author_pseudonm = models.CharField(max_length=255) is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True) is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=False) objects = UserManager() USERNAME_FIELD = 'email' REQUIRED_FIELDS = ["author_pseudonm"] class Book(models.Model): """Custom book model""" title = models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True) user = models.ForeignKey( settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE ) description = models.TextField() price = models.IntegerField() author = models.CharField(default=user.author_pseudonm) is_published = models.BooleanField(default=True) def __str__(self): return self.title In the book model i have a …
