Django community: RSS
This page, updated regularly, aggregates Django Q&A from the Django community.
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Heroku No module named 'fcntl' when deploying locally
I'm trying to use Heroku to deploy a django project. when running >heroku local web in the cmd, it is returning [WARN] No ENV file found 23:33:05 web.1 | Traceback (most recent call last): 23:33:05 web.1 | File "C:\Python34\lib\runpy.py", line 171, in _run_module_as_main 23:33:05 web.1 | "__main__", mod_spec) 23:33:05 web.1 | File "C:\Python34\lib\runpy.py", line 86, in _run_code 23:33:05 web.1 | exec(code, run_globals) 23:33:05 web.1 | File "C:\Python34\Scripts\gunicorn.exe\__main__.py", line 5, in <module> 23:33:05 web.1 | File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\gunicorn\app\wsgiapp.py", line 10, in <module> 23:33:05 web.1 | from gunicorn.app.base import Application 23:33:05 web.1 | File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\gunicorn\app\base.py", line 12, in <module> 23:33:05 web.1 | from gunicorn import util 23:33:05 web.1 | File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\gunicorn\util.py", line 9, in <module> 23:33:05 web.1 | import fcntl 23:33:05 web.1 | ImportError: No module named 'fcntl' 23:33:05 web.1 Exited with exit code 1 python version - 3.4.0 django version - 1.8.0 anyone know the issue? Thank you. -
Django - POST information to Web App & Handle The Event
I recently purchased a Raspberry Pi to improve my coding skills. I have a server hosted on the Pi and I am building a small web app with Django 1.11. I have been searching for a way to POST information from a python program to the web app--and assign an event handler that is triggered whenever new information is posted. I have read that an easy method is to use the request library inside the python program to make POST requests. But how can I handle these POST requests in my Django app and how can I add an event-handler that is triggered whenever such a request is made? -
Retrieving a foreign key value
I am using Django Rest Framework to create a REST Api. My serializers: class ItemSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): #inherit from this class owner = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='user.id') #owners = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='owner') class Meta: model = Item #fields = ('id','name', 'owner', 'owners') fields = ('id','name', 'owner') class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): items = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True, queryset=Item.objects.all()) class Meta: model = User fields = ('id', 'username', 'items') The only model: class Item(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=10) id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) owner = models.ForeignKey('auth.User', related_name='items', on_delete=models.CASCADE) def __str__(self): return self.name Now if I GET the users: HTTP 200 OK Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS Content-Type: application/json Vary: Accept [ { "id": 1, "username": "chuck", "items": [ 1, 2 ] } ] I receive all the items that this user has (by the way I could I get the name instead of the primary keys of the items ?). How would I go if I wanted to reverse that process and get all the owners of the objects ? Here's the response I have so far (the owners are missing) : HTTP 200 OK Allow: GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS Content-Type: application/json Vary: Accept [ { "id": 1, "name": "Vest" }, { "id": 2, "name": "Pants" } ] I have tried to add owners = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='owner') as you … -
Using regular expressions in views.py Django?
I have a form in my Django app where one field is called url. The user can add a youtube url. On submit, I want to save only the video id. My views.py look like this: import re def video_new(request): if request.user.is_authenticated(): if request.method == "POST": form = VideoForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): video = form.save(commit=False) fullURL = video.url youtubeId = re.sub(r'\shttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=\s', '',fullURL) video.url = youtubeId video.created_by = request.user video.save() return redirect('videos:video_detail', video_id=video.pk) else: form = VideoForm() else: #if user isn't logged in return redirect('login') return render(request, 'videos/video_edit.html', {'form': form}) When I output youtubeId in the console, I actually see the full Url. So I guess I'm not using re.sub correct. How to use it correctly ? -
How to get id from template on post
I want to save the comment id in 'comenatario_comentado' when the comment is commented. For that I need the comment id be the comentario_comentado id. The problem is that I do not know how to do it in the template. Look the structure below: models.py class Pregunta (models.Model): descripcion = models.CharField(max_length=150) autor = models.ForeignKey (Perfil, null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE) fecha_pregunta = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) comentario_preguntado = models.ForeignKey(Comentario, null=True, blank=True, related_name="pregunta_set") def __str__(self): return (self.descripcion) views.py def ComentarioListar2 (request): aa=Puesto.objects.filter(nombre_puesto=request.user.nom_puesto).values_list('etiquetas') bb=Tags.objects.filter(id__in=aa) objects=Comentario.objects.filter(tag__in=bb).exclude(autor__id=request.user.id) form = preguntaform(request.POST or None) form.instance.autor=request.user if request.method == 'POST' and form.is_valid(): form.instance.comentario_preguntado=request.POST.get('a','') form.save() return render(request, 'home/comentario_listar.html', {'objects': objects, 'form': form}) forms.py class preguntaform(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model=Pregunta fields = [ 'descripcion', ] labels = { 'descripcion': 'Descripción', } widgets = { 'descripcion':forms.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}), } template.html <form method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {{form.as_p}} <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2"> <div class="form-group"> <button class="btn btn-primary" value="{{comentario.id}}" name="a" type="submit">Guardar</button> </div> </div></br> </form></br> How can I do to comentario id be comentario_comentado_id? thank you for your answer -
Django Restful api logger not logging
I've started using Django Restful API and one of the strangest problems I'm facing is the logging. my logger only logs when I restart the server. but doesn't log on any. my logging settings in the setting.py : LOGGING = { 'version': 1, 'disable_existing_loggers': False, 'formatters': { 'standard': { 'format': "[%(asctime)s] %(levelname)s [%(name)s:%(lineno)s] %(message)s", 'datefmt': "%d/%b/%Y %H:%M:%S" }, }, 'handlers': { 'file': { 'level': 'DEBUG', 'class': 'logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler', 'filename': os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'logs/debug.log'), }, 'console': { 'level': 'INFO', 'class': 'logging.StreamHandler', 'formatter': 'standard' }, }, 'loggers': { 'fedal': { 'handlers': ['file'], 'level': 'DEBUG', 'propagate': True, }, '': { 'handlers': ['file'], 'level': 'DEBUG', 'propagate': True, }, }, } in my views.py I have the logger defined import logging logger = logging.getLogger('fedal') and in my Class ArtistList which gets called class ArtistList(generics.ListCreateAPIView): logger.debug("first logging") logger.info("info logger") queryset = Artist.objects.all() But every time I make a request to my Artist API I get the lost correctly but I don't see anything in the logs. Only when I restarted the Django server I see the logging. Can someone tell me why it's not logging? -
Handling a large number of requests that use an ML model
I am building a chat-bot where every message a user sends needs to be converted to a vector(for other ML related work). I am using a pre-trained Word2Vec model to do this. The Word2Vec model was created using the Gensim library and is saved to disk as a 600MB file and is being used in a Django/Python web-application. Every time a new message is received as an API request, a function loads the word2Vec model and uses that object to generate a vector of the message. I am worried that every time a new message is received, the application loads an instance of the Word2Vec model and this would cause a memory problem if there are too many requests coming at the same time(because there will be multiple instance of the Word2Vec model present in the RAM at that time). How do I handle the memory efficiently such that it does not use too much memory? -
Django Unit Tests doesn't run in Visual Studio Test Explorer
I'm trying to implement my Django (1.11.7, Python 3.6) unit testing in Visual Studio. When I run them in my terminal (python manage.py test) they run fine, while when executing from the VS Test Explorer it fails with an error saying: django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet. I've read that newer Django versions require an explicit django.setup() to be called, so I've tried to add it both to setUpClass(cls) and to setUpTestData(cls). import django from datamodel.models import Engagement, BusinessUnit from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django.test import TestCase, Client class TestViewRPA(TestCase): @classmethod def setUpClass(cls): super(TestViewRPA, cls).setUpClass() django.setup() @classmethod def setUpTestData(cls): super(TestViewRPA, cls).setUpTestData() django.setup() User.objects.create_user('dummyuser') eng = Engagement.objects.create(name = 'Test Client', owner=User.objects.get(username='dummyuser')) businessunit = BusinessUnit.objects.create(name = 'Business Unit', engagement=eng) def test_get_industry_segment1(self): businessunit = BusinessUnit.objects.get(name = 'Business Unit') c = Client() response = c.get('/rpa/%d' % businessunit.id) self.assertContains(response, 'id":1,"businessunit_set":[{"id":1,', status_code=200) Result from executing from CLI ...>env\Scripts\python.exe manage.py test app Creating test database for alias 'default'... System check identified no issues (0 silenced). ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 3 tests in 0.028s OK Destroying test database for alias 'default'... Any ideas? Thanks in advance -
I'm trying to create an instance object of a Model in Django that was created by a ManyToManyField
There's a button in an html file that is inside a for loop: {% for activity in data%} <p class=" ">{{activity.title}}</p> <p class=" ">{{activity.description}}</p> <form method="POST" action=""> {% csrf_token %} <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" id="Register">Register </button> </form> {% endfor %} When this button is clicked, I need the user to be added as an attendee in this current activity. models.py: class Attendee(models.Model): student = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name="attendee") class Activity(models.Model): attendee = models.ManyToManyField(Attendee, related_name="attendees",null=True, blank=True) What shall I do to make this happen? I've tried this function in views.py but it doesnt work: def registerAttende(request): if request.method == "POST": attendee = Attendee.objects.create(student=request.user) Activity.objects.create(attendee=attendee) return render(request, 'dashboard.html') I also have this in urls.py rl(r'^$', authentication_views.registerAttende, name='register') -
excluding field in django form
i've been searching around for a way to exclude password in a form. i have then found exclude, however it does not seem to work at all. what am i doing wrong? forms.py class EditUser(UserChangeForm): class Meta: model = User exclude = ('password',) fields = ( 'username', 'email', ) template {% for field in form %} <div class="form-group"> <label>{{ field.label }}</label> {% render_field field class="form-control" placeholder=field.help_text value=user.email %} </div> {% endfor %} -
Getting 403 SignatureDoesNotMatch when uploading to Google Cloud Storage?
I am trying to upload audio files on the Client-Side directly to my Google Cloud Storage bucket, for the purpose of avoiding a server-side upload (which has file size limits). My Issue: I am getting a 403 SignatureDoesNotMatch error on upload. Here is the error from the response: <Error> <Code>SignatureDoesNotMatch</Code> <Message> The request signature we calculated does not match the signature you provided. Check your Google secret key and signing method</Message> <StringToSign> PUT audio/mp3 1511112552 /bucketname/pathtofile/019%20-%20top%20cntndr%20V1.mp3 </StringToSign> </Error> I have created a signed url. It looks like this: https://storage.googleapis.com/google-testbucket/testdata.txt?GoogleAccessId= 1234567890123@developer.gserviceaccount.com&Expires=1331155464&Signature=BCl z9e4UA2MRRDX62TPd8sNpUCxVsqUDG3YGPWvPcwN%2BmWBPqwgUYcOSszCPlgWREeF7oPGowkeKk 7J4WApzkzxERdOQmAdrvshKSzUHg8Jqp1lw9tbiJfE2ExdOOIoJVmGLoDeAGnfzCd4fTsWcLbal9 sFpqXsQI8IQi1493mw%3D The signed url is built following the guidlines found in the Google Docs here https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/access-control/create-signed-urls-program However, the client-side javascript portion of handling this signed url is very unclear in the documentation. Here is my python code to create and return the signed url. GOOGLE_SERVICE_CREDENTIALS = 'google-service-credentials.json' def get_signed_url(request): filename = request.GET.get('filename') expiration = request.GET.get('expiration') type = request.GET.get('type') signed_url = CloudStorageSignedURL( method='PUT', file_name=filename, expiration_m=expiration, content_type=type ) signed_url = signed_url.sign_url() return JsonResponse({ 'signed_url': signed_url }) class CloudStorageSignedURL(object): def __init__(self, method, file_name, expiration_m, content_type): self.HTTP_method = method self.content_type = 'content-type: ' + content_type self.expiration = int(expiration_m) self.file_name = file_name def sign_url(self): expiration_dt = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(minutes=self.expiration) expiration = int(time.mktime( expiration_dt.timetuple() … -
Django and Rest Framework: How can I test a model write view without coupling the test to the model structure
I want to test a Django view that takes a JSON, deserializes it using the is_valid method of DRF serializers (which might alter some of the data e.g. by making string values lowercase), and then saves the validated data into a new model instance. Example: from .models import Foo from .serializers import FooSerializer @api_view(['POST']) def save_foo(request): foo_data = request.data s = FooSerializer(data=foo_data) if s.is_valid(): validated_foo_data = s.validated_data foo_instance = Foo.objects.create(**validated_foo_data) How can I test that this view saved all the data appropriately, what's an efficient, DRY way to test this view without coupling my test too much with the schema of the Foo model, or the validation functionality in FooSerializer? Essentially I want a test that checks that the data passed in the request gets validated and saved to the model, without having the test know about the peculiarities of the validation or the model. -
how to render to the same page when an onchange event occurs in django ajax
How to render to the same html page when an onchange event(dropdown) occurs in django. I'm able render to the same form when the event occurs, but the html page is not refreshed. Kindly suggest on it. -
Django - voting on multiple categories in the same page/form
I recently completed Django intro tutorial, I want to create a polls app where one can vote on multiple categories on the same page/form. Everything works properly, however when I click 'vote' (ie select option and submit form) the following error keeps showing: TypeError at /polls/results/ int() argument must be a string or a number, not 'QueryDict' code from my models.py: class Caty(models.Model): category_name = models.CharField(max_length=250) class Choice(models.Model): category = models.ForeignKey(Caty, on_delete=models.CASCADE) choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=250) votes = models.IntegerField(default=0) code from my views.py: from django.shortcuts import get_list_or_404, render from django.http import HttpResponse from models import Caty, Choice def index(request): caty_list = Caty.objects.all() context = {'caty_list': caty_list} return render(request, 'polls/index.html', context) def results(request): return render(request, 'polls/results.html') def vote(request): caty = get_list_or_404(Caty) for cat in caty: selected_choice = cat.choice_set.get(pk=request.GET) selected_choice.votes += 1 selected_choice.save() return HttpResponse('polls:results') I swapped get_object_or_404() in the tutorial with get_list_or_404() since I am expecting votes on multiple questions code from my index.html: {% if caty_list %} <form action="{% url 'polls:vote' %}" method="post"> {% for caty in caty_list %} {% csrf_token %} {{ caty }} <br /> <fieldset> {% for choice in caty.choice_set.all %} <input type="radio" name="{{ caty }}" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}" value="{{ choice.id }}" /> <label for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">{{ choice … -
Youtube API v3 batch request Channels.list Python
I can get the sample code working for channels.list but in the parameters you are limited to fewer than 50 channel IDs. Firstly can I write the channel IDs in a separate file or do I have to paste them all in which would look incredibly ugly with hundreds of channel IDs separated by commas? Secondly, precisely how do I write a batch request for multiple channels.list requests? My basic intent is to get statistics like subscriber counts of a list of youtube channels and subsequently place the json data into a postgres database (I've set the database up fine). -
Hide Django built-in UserCreationForm verifications, and show them when the user fills invalid data
I don't want to display the verifications neither username nor password until a user fills invalid data, how can I do that ?! Here is my user form in forms.py : class UserForm(UserCreationForm): class Meta(): model = User fields = ('username','first_name','last_name','email','password1','password2',) def save(self,commit=True): user = super(UserForm,self).save(commit=False) user.username = self.cleaned_data["username"] user.email = self.cleaned_data["email"] user.first_name = self.cleaned_data["first_name"] user.last_name = self.cleaned_data["last_name"] user.password1 = self.cleaned_data["password1"] user.password2 = self.cleaned_data["password2"] if commit: user.save() return user def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): super().__init__(*args,**kwargs) self.fields['username'].label = 'Username' self.fields['first_name'].label = 'First Name' self.fields['last_name'].label = 'Last Name' self.fields['email'].label = 'Email Address' self.fields['password1'].label = 'Password' self.fields['password2'].label = 'Re-enter Password' and here is my registration function : def register(request): registered = False if request.method == 'POST': user_form = UserForm(data=request.POST) profile_form = UserProfileForm(data=request.POST) if user_form.is_valid() and profile_form.is_valid(): user = user_form.save() user.set_password(user.password1) user.save() c_user = user_form.instance.id profile = profile_form.save(commit=False) profile_form.instance.userid = AuthUser(c_user) profile.save() if 'profilepic' in request.FILES: profile.profilepic = request.FILES['profilepic'] profile.save() registered = True else: print(user_form.errors) print(profile_form.errors) else: user_form = UserForm profile_form = UserProfileForm return render(request,'registration/register.html',{'user_form':user_form,'profile_form':profile_form,'registered':registered}) -
Django / Python JSON / GEOJSON string format
I use the following script to serialize the queryset coming from the view it's called from: def json_to_model(object_list): line_json = [] for obj in object_list: #<flight queryset> geojson = [] route = re.split('\W+', obj.route) #separate individual codes for code in route: #XXXX, XXXX, XXXX map_obj_route = [] feature = {"type":"Feature","properties":{"icao": "","iata": "", "name": "", "city": "", "state": "", "country": "", "elevation": ""},"geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":['','']}} if code == '': pass else: iata_kwargs = {'iata' : code} icao_kwargs = {'icao' : code} map_object = (MapData.objects.filter(**iata_kwargs) | MapData.objects.filter(**icao_kwargs)).first() map_obj_route.append(map_object) feature["properties"]["icao"] = map_object.icao feature["properties"]["iata"] = map_object.iata feature["properties"]["name"] = map_object.name feature["properties"]["city"] = map_object.city feature["properties"]["state"] = map_object.state feature["properties"]["country"] = map_object.country feature["properties"]["elevation"] = map_object.elevation feature["geometry"]["coordinates"] = [map_object.longitude, map_object.latitude] geojson.append(feature) geojson = ((str(geojson).strip('[]'))) obj.geojson = geojson obj.save() This is the resulting contents of obj.geojson: {'type': 'Feature', 'properties': {'icao': 'KORD', 'iata': 'ORD', 'name': "CHICAGO O'HARE INTL", 'city': 'CHICAGO', 'state': 'IL', 'country': 'United States', 'elevation': 680}, 'geometry': {'type': 'Point', 'coordinates': [-87.90800591666667, 41.97732013888889]}}, {'type': 'Feature', 'properties': {'icao': 'KLAS', 'iata': 'LAS', 'name': 'MC CARRAN INTL', 'city': 'LAS VEGAS', 'state': 'NV', 'country': 'United States', 'elevation': 2181}, 'geometry': {'type': 'Point', 'coordinates': [-115.15225000000001, 36.08005555555556]}} I'm using a helper function to assemble the obj.geojson into a list of variable length depending on the queryset provided by the view … -
CSRF token requirements
I'm looking at a (possibly robust) implementation of OAuth2 which seems to require the session to have an existing token when signing in. Also, the request's token needs to match the session's existing token. Are these meant to be normal requirements? When a user is signing in (e.g., for the first time), neither the request or the session would have a token. How come some token is needed to sign in? Here's the snippet in question: def complete_oauth2_signin(request): next_url = get_next_url_from_session(request.session) if 'error' in request.GET: return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('index')) csrf_token = request.GET.get('state', None) oauth2_csrf_token = request.session.pop('oauth2_csrf_token', None) if csrf_token is None or csrf_token != oauth2_csrf_token: return HttpResponseBadRequest() -
URL configuration and 404 error
I'm working on a personal Django project and I have 404 error, but I can't figure out why. I tried the following configuration: Urls.py url(r'composer/(?P<slug>.+)$', views.articles_plats_composer, name='articles_plats_composer'), My views: def articles_plats_composer(request, slug): sous_categories_articles = get_object_or_404(Sous_Categories_Article, slug=slug) articles = sous_categories_articles.article_set.all() return render(request, "commander-suite-composer.html",{'sous_categories_articles':sous_categories_articles, 'articles':articles}) And my templates: <a href="{% url 'articles_plats_composer' article.slug %}"></a> With this configuration it works. When i tried with only an id, it works (same kind of code). But when, I try to have a slug and id url with the following code, I get 404 error. My URLs file url(r'composer/(?P<slug>.+)-(?P<id>\d+)$', views.articles_plats_composer, name='articles_plats_composer'), My views: def articles_plats_composer(request, slug, id): sous_categories_articles = get_object_or_404(Sous_Categories_Article, slug=slug, id=id) articles = sous_categories_articles.article_set.all() return render(request, "commander-suite-composer.html",{'sous_categories_articles':sous_categories_articles, 'articles':articles}) And my templates: <a href="{% url 'articles_plats_composer' article.slug article.id %}"></a> I don't understand why, separately, it works, but when i combine them, it doesn't work... Thank you in advance for your help Singertwist -
Django error: "didn't return an HttpResponse object"
I want to test a performance of my WebSite. I developed a Django Project, and i still using the internal webserver of Django. I have a page which request a data from webserver with a fix time interval. I do this with ajax. It's working fine. Code bellow: $.ajax({ type: 'GET', url: 'refresh', success: function(data){ //refresh the display data } }); In a django view, a process code and return a JsonResponse: def refresh(request): if request.is_ajax(): reg = Registers.objects.latest('pk') opmode = OperationMode.objects.latest('pk') opdata = reg.serialize() opdata['OpMode'] = opmode.OpMode opdata['TrendStarted'] = opmode.TrendStarted return JsonResponse(opdata,safe=False) The question is: when i type http://endpoint/operation/referesh in REST request in SOAPUI the Django returns: "The view WebSite.operation.views.refresh didn't return an HttpResponse object. It returned None instead" I want receive a JSONResponse returned of Django. How i make this request in SOAPUI? -
How can I select the user with two different cases in the same two columns
Given a table below, how can I select the user with a first language of en and secondary of ja using django filter? I have to get the users without duplicates. So below, I'm expecting to get uid 1 and 3. id uid is_first en 1 true jp 1 false jp 2 true en 2 false en 3 true jp 3 false es 3 true Here's my attempt but it returned empty. UserLanguage.objects.filter((Q(language_in=['en'], is_first=True) & Q(language_in=['jp'], is_first=False)) I tried to do it from the User with the lookup in but empty results. User.objects.filter((Q(user__languages__language__in=['en'], user__languages__is_first=True)) & (Q(user__languages__language__in=['jp'], user__languages__is_first=False)) -
Onelogin with Django: Receiving a GET when I would expect a POST
I followed the tutorial to deploy single sign-on with OneLogin over my Django app and when I click on the login button, the request I receive from OneLogin is not a POST as expected, but a GET. Then the library raises a OneLogin_Saml2_Error: "SAML Response not found, Only supported HTTP_POST Binding". At this moment I am stuck since the documentation doesn't give any useful information on this, so I would welcome any tips. -
How to get all objects based on date in Django
I have 3 simple models in my application: class Product(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=200) price = models.IntegerField(default=0) class Order (models.Model): date = models.DateField(blank=True) class OrderItem(models.Model): order = models.ForeignKey(Order, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True ) product = models.ManyToManyField(Product) quantity = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0) I have many orders with the same date, like this: 1. 2017-11-09 | Apples | 5$ 2. 2017-11-09 | Bananas | 2$ 3. 2017-11-09 | Pears | 3$ As you can see, there is actually one order (based on the date) with 3 different products. How can I get that single order with all of its products and prices? So the end result would be something like this: 2017-11-09 | Apples | 5$ | Bananas | 2$ | Pears | 3$ I'm using sqllite3 -
How to translate django User?
I found questions about how to use translation and how to rewrite django User model, but I want just to translate django User, not rewrite at all. How could I do this? -
Django: restrict user access to their own objects only
Im' using @ligin_required to force users to authenticate before they create any object. but the problem is all authenticated user has access to update objects by object pk, even objects which created by other users.how can I limit user to access to their own objects only?
