Django community: RSS
This page, updated regularly, aggregates Django Q&A from the Django community.
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ImportError: cannot import name 'path' from 'django'
I am trying to learn django/make my first web app with the platform. I am trying to set up my first url page, but the path import won't work (Import Error). The import code I used (which is pretty straightforward...) from django import path I am using a virtual environment venv, and have python v 3.10 and django 4.0.5. Any pointers? The only info I could find on this is from 4 years ago, and the issue was a older version of django, which does not seem to be the case here. -
Django displays app.Model.None for attribute with a Foreign Key relationship
Trying to display the attributes of a model (Model2) accessed via a ManytoManyField in Model1. However, Model2 has a ForeignKey field of another model (Model3). That is, I want to display the notes about a song (SongNote model - Model2) where the song title is stored in the Song model (Model3). The SongNote model is a ManytoManyField attribute in a Note model (Model1). wow. this is why computers read code... models.py: # Model3 class Song(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=255, null=True) ... # Model2 class SongNote(models.Model): TYPE_CHOICES = ( ('R', 'Review',), ('W', 'Work on',), ) type = models.CharField( max_length=140, choices=TYPE_CHOICES, default='W', ) song = models.ForeignKey(Song, null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE) ... def __str__(self): song_name = str(self.type) + " - " + str(self.song) return song_name # Model1 class Note(models.Model): date = models.DateField() student = models.ForeignKey( CustomUser, on_delete=models.CASCADE, ) song_note = models.ManyToManyField(SongNote) views.py: class NotesDetailView(DetailView): model = Note template_name = "note_detail.html" template.html <div class="card"> <div class="card-header"> <span class="text-muted">{{ object.student }}</span> &middot; <span class="font-weight-bold">{{ object.date }} </span> </div> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title">Songs</h5> <p class="card-text">{{ object.song_note }}</p> # this displays as "[R/W] - [app].SongNote.None" </div> </div> I have tried various for loops in the template. Attempted to you QuerySets in the view.py. And have searched the internet (this post … -
Django conditional subquery slicing with another subquery value
I am looking for a way to conditionally slice the result of a subquery based on another subquery value. Lets' Say i have the models Author and Books: Author: name = models.CharField(max_length=100) birthday= ... Book: author: models.ForeignKey('Author') title: models.CharField(max_length=100) copies_sold: models.CharField(max_length=50) publish_date: .... Now here is what i want to query: 1.All books by an author 2.The best selling n books out of all books by an author (let's say for this example, if an author has less then 3 books return all of them, if the author has between 3 and 6 books return n-1 of the best selling books, if more then 10 give me the 6 best selling books, the excact logic here is irrelevant it just has to be able to destinct between cases of how many books the author has I gave this a try without yet the conditional cases with the following approach: books = Books.objects.all() included_books_qobj = Q() all_books_by_author_qobj = Q() books_by_author_subquery = Books.objects.filter(author_id=OuterRef('id')) .order_by('copies_sold').values('id').annotate(books_count=Count('*')) included_books_qobj.add(Q(id__in=Subquery(books_by_author_subquery.values('id')[:Subquery(scores_by_athlete_subquery.values('scores_count'), output_field=IntegerField())])), Q.OR) all_books_by_author_qobj.add(Q(id__in=Subquery(books_by_author_subquery.values('id'))), Q.OR) best_n_books_by_author = books.filter(included_books_qobj) all_books_by_author = books.filter(all_books_by_author_qobj) Now this fails with: TypeError: '>=' not supported between instances of 'Subquery' and 'int' This makes sense as a subquery cannot be evaluated on its own before … -
Django - redirect to home after login when session times out
If I'm on foo.html and click on a link to bar.html but my session has timed out, I'm taken to the login page. After successful authentication, I am redirected to bar.html. I want it to always redirect to home.html. My settings.py has LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = 'home'. I am using the django auth and have not overridden the login view. My login.html file contains: <form method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {{ form|crispy }} <a class="button secondaryAction" href="{% url 'password_reset' %}">Forgot Password?</a> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-secondary mt-2 pl-4">Log In</button> </form> -
How to create a request object in Django with a session and cookies of an authenticated user?
In a Django view I can use the cookies from the incoming request and pass it into another request as means of authentication and make requests to other views in the project using the requests module. def someview(request): cookies = request.COOKIES csrftoken = cookies['csrftoken'] baseurl = settings.BASEURL url = f"{baseurl}/api/csvuploads/" payload = {...} resp = requests.post( url, data=payload, cookies=cookies, headers={'X-CSRFToken': csrftoken}, ) I need to have a management command running periodically (as a cronjob) to have a similar logic, the problem is that the management command will run in a container in Kuberentes so I need to create an user, a request, authenticate, and login so I can make more requests. How can I recreate the same request with session, cookies and everything if the request is not coming from a view? My first attempt was to use RequestFactory from the test framework but I couldn't figure out how to create the request with the session and cookies from the authentication. def handle(self, *args, **options): factory = RequestFactory() request = factory.post( "/admin/login", {'username': username, 'password': password} ) user = authenticate(request, username=username, password=password) request.user = user -
how can i get divide time to 1hrs time interval using django?
I wrote a model that adds time limits it is assumed that it will be large limits (eg 9 am - 6 pm) class Schedule(models.Model): WEEKDAYS = ( (1, 'Monday'), (2, 'Tuesday'), (3, 'Wednesday'), (4, 'Thursday'), (5, 'Friday'), (6, 'Saturday'), (7, 'Sunday'), ) worker = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) weekday = models.IntegerField(choices=WEEKDAYS) from_hour = models.TimeField() to_hour = models.TimeField() now i need it to be automatically broken down into small time intervals, it is needed in order to implement the booking model, it looks like this class Appointment(models.Model): customer = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) worker = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) location = models.ForeignKey(Location, on_delete=models.CASCADE) created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, editable=False) from_hour = to_hour = in (from_hour,to_hour) should be this small interval it should look like a calendar so that the user can choose a convenient time from the available, I think in django there should be some tool that will break a large time interval Thanks -
Accessing production postgres database with django
I have a django site hosted using elastic beanstalk, with a RDS postgres database I'd like to be able query this database and write some code to analyse aspects of the database. I can do this by directly accessing the database and writing postgres queries but I wondered if there was a way to do this using python/django - I can do it when I am accessing a local database but I cant work out how to make a local python kernel connect to the production database -
Async in Django ListCreateApiView
I have a simply ListCreateApiView class in Django, for example: class Test(ListCreateApiView): def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs): """ Some code which is creating excel file with openpyxl and send as response """ return excel_file The problem is, when user send a request to get an excel_file, he must wait for 5-10 minutes till the file will return. User can't go to others urls untill file will not download (I have 10k+ objects in my db) So, how can I add async here? I want that while the file is being formed, a person can follow other links of the application. Thanks a lot! -
where does django inherits 'users' from to feed API to a web
I've created an API with certain paraments and fed it to my django URL with the following sample.. def home(request): response = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/workers/') workers = response.json() return render(request, "home.html", {'users': workers}) pass Where does it inherit the 'users' from? my API doesn't contain anything related to it and I would like to add a second API ontop of it but something like return render(request, "home.html", {'users': workers}, {'users': speciality}) will not work because users is already inherited. -
Log Django shell operations to Google Cloud
We use Django shell (shell_plus to be specific) to do some operations with our data. We would like to log all the operations to comply with some regulations. For example, if we are in the shell now: >> user = User.objects.get(id=1) >> user.name >> Steve These 3 lines of code should be logged (ideally in our Google Cloud logging). What I've found so far, is using iPython and their logstart magic command. For this, I need to create a ipython-config.py file where I specify the log file: # ipython-config.py c = get_config() time_stamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M") c.InteractiveShellApp.exec_lines = ["%%logstart -t -o /var/log/django/shell-%s.log"" % time_stamp] It now automatically will create a file and save everything (basically what we need). However, we need them to be in Google cloud logs. One option we could use google.cloud.logging lib for python, create a client and then if we run logging.info(msg) (from standard python lib) we will have them logged to GC. But iPython logstart magic function does not seem to even log to stdout, only to file. Is there anything we can do to achieve this? -
Assign 0 if the date doesn't exist in the records from the database
I'm trying to generate a list of values to plot on a dashboard. The list shows how many orders have been made per day for the last 7 days, and if there was no order recorded for that day, then return 0. For example, if we have this order tracker model: Order: {date_ordered (date), count_orders (int), restaurant (string)} If we want to list all the orders for the last seven days, I'd do something like: from datetime import datetime, timedelta from .models import Order last_seven_days = datetime.now()-timedelta(days=6) orders = Order.objects.filter(date_ordered__gte=last_seven_days).order_by('date_ordered') orders return something like this: [<19-05-2022, Restaurant1, 35>, <19-05-2022, Restaurant2, 30>, <22-05-2022, Restaurant1, 19>, <22-05-2022, Restaurant2, 10>, <23-05-2022, Restaurant1, 32>] The final result I would like to get is stretched over the last 7 days. If the last seven days are ['18-06-2022', '19-06-2022', '20-06-2022', '21-06-2022', '22-06-2022', '23-06-2022', '24-06-2022'] Then my output needs to be: [[0,35,0,0,19,32,0], [0,30,0,0,10,0,0]] The above array basically says 2 things: 1- there should be as many tuples as restaurants 2- if the date doesn't exist it means 0 orders were recorded. I feel this can be solved using a query rather than looping 3 times and many conditions. Can you please share some thoughts on this? Thanks -
Use JWT in Django - Automatic refresh token after 'ACCESS_TOKEN_LIFETIME' ends
I want to implement simpleJWT in API in such a way that generated token is send to API request and if the JWT lifetime expires then automatically refresh that token and from now the new token should be used in API request. my customrequest code is--> def _get_jwt(self): refresh = RefreshToken.for_user(self.user) return { 'refresh': str(refresh), 'access': str(refresh.access_token), } def _get_authorization_headers(self): """ This function returns authorization headers including token Which is to be passed in post method Returns: This function returns dictionary that contains Authorization (Token) and content-type """ if self.jwt: # access_token = headers = {"Authorization": "Bearer {}".format(self._get_jwt()["access"]), "content-type": "application/json"} else: headers = {"Authorization": "Token {}".format(self._get_token(self.token)), "content-type": "application/json"} return headers def post(self, url=None, data=None): """ This function sends post request to the url Params: url = endpoint where we want to send post request data = data to be sent on that endpoint """ url = self.url + url headers = self._get_authorization_headers() result = requests.post(url, data, headers=headers) return result.text currently I'm using this approach but problem is that, token which is generated first time same token is in headers even after JWT lifetime expires after 5 minute('ACCESS_TOKEN_LIFETIME': timedelta(minutes=5) ) and I want to use new token after every time token … -
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'app1'
Using VS Community 2022 I did create django project 'Project0' (I am learning). I've a folder named 'Project0' (which contains the settings.py file) in same line as that of manage.py . There is default 'app' folder in the same line created by VSCommunity 2022. runserver command also succeeded until here. I then right clicked the folder 'Project0' --> Add --> Django app Created new app named 'app1', which has got created within the folder 'Project0'. Structure is like below (not giving all the file names though) Project0 | Project0 |--app1 |-- app | manage.py | I did add the newly created app 'app1' within the Settings.py inside INSTALLED_APPS commands. But when I tried to run the server now, it is throwing error as No module named 'app1'. The server was successfully connected before the creation of the app 'app1'. But now it is not. Unable to fix this error. Request your help. -
Load datepickers created after page is ready
I have a Django template in which I use bootstrap-datepicker-plus. However, I made a form in which the user can click a button in order to display as many datetime field as needed. The issue I'm encountering is that bootstrap-datetime-picker only loads the datetime fields present when the page charges, but if I want to add new datetime fields, then those are not loaded. After searching in the source code, I found out that it indeed was only loading the field when the page is ready but doesn't look for other datetime fields after that. I tried some things and saw that by reimporting the js file with <script src="/static/bootstrap_datepicker_plus/js/datepicker-widget.js"></script> each time I make a change it's working, but I can't do that for each situation, and I guess that's not really a good practice. Is there a way to like refresh the bootstrap-datetime-picker's js file each time I create a new datetime field ? I don't know if that's useful, but here's bootstrap-datetime-picker's js file that loads the datetime pickers : (function (factory) { if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) define(['jquery'], factory) else if (typeof module === 'object' && module.exports) module.exports = factory(require('jquery')) else factory(jQuery) }(function ($) { … -
Django 4.0.4 doesn't reconnect to MySQL transparently?
I've read this question, but apparently the behaviour is still vague. I've a long running process which makes a round each second. During the round I make a request to the DB (select type), then have some processing, eventually saving objects. If the connection is broken for some reason, first of all I get this exception: django.db.utils.OperationalError: (2013, 'Lost connection to server during query') I then do nothing about the connection (no closing, no pinging), and on the next round I get this: django.db.utils.OperationalError: (2006, 'Server has gone away') The situation repeats ad infinitum, nothing rectifies itself. Therefore the question: the rumours of django reconnecting itself are not true? I've MAX_CONN_AGE set to 0, and MySQL wait_timeout is default 28800 (in any case since I have a DB request each second, I should never experience that timeout). I would expect django reestablishing the connection if the server is gone, why it's not happening? -
sitemap could not be read
the sitemap could not be read: <img src='https://i.stack.imgur.com/nUZih.jpg'> this is the error text: <img src='https://i.stack.imgur.com/nUZih.jpg'> sitemap validator said that my sitemap is correct https://www.xml-sitemaps.com/validate-xml-sitemap.html: <img src='https://i.stack.imgur.com/jcigy.jpg'> -
Why is my Django DRF RequestsClient request failing in tests?
I have a few Django Rest Framework API endpoints I want to test. They are behind an authenticated page. I'm trying to use the DRF RequestsClient to do that. My code looks like this: from rest_framework.test import APITestCase from rest_framework.test import RequestsClient from django.urls import reverse import requests URL_PREFIX="http://testserver" API_TOKEN="tfhgffhgf675h" class APITests(APITestCase): @staticmethod def _get_full_url(url, *args, **kwargs): return URL_PREFIX + reverse(url, *args, **kwargs) def setUp(self): self.client = RequestsClient() def test_stuff(self): url = self._get_full_url("ahs:agena_results-list") # Raw requests library - works fine # Note: Testing shows that the RequestsClient() seems to do some sort of magic to # be able to resolve http://testserver. A raw requests GET request must hit it at # 127.0.0.1, and specify the port response = requests.get("http://127.0.0.1:8000", headers={"Authorization": f"Token {API_TOKEN}"}) # RequestsClient() - doesn't work response = self.client.get(url, headers={"Authorization": f"Token {API_TOKEN}"}) My RequestsClient request doesn't work, but my raw requests request works fine. The exception raised when using the RequestsClient is pretty cryptic: Internal Server Error: /ahs/api/agena_results/ Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 1361, in execute_sql cursor.execute(sql, params) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 67, in execute return self._execute_with_wrappers( File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 80, in _execute_with_wrappers return executor(sql, params, many, context) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 83, in _execute self.db.validate_no_broken_transaction() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", … -
Is it possible to add an input field to Wagtails custom bulk actions?
Is it possible to add an input field to Wagtails custom bulk actions? In the template from the documentation example there is a block called form_section. Here I want to add a separate form to add another input field. Another position would be possible as well, of course. I would love to bulk select Image instances to add them to a Page. So I need to have a ChoiceField to select the Page. This would also require a customized View for the logic behind this "import". The latter is not the question. I am just wondering how I can add this input field and alter the view of a these marvelous bulk actions. -
How to store files inside directory for temporary and make a zip file?
Here I have a list of images that I want to make a zip and download. For this I tried to upload these images inside the project directory first and then trying to zip from this uploaded files. I am getting this error: IOError: [Errno 21] Is a directory: '/home/project/images' How can I send a zip file with these images ? images_list = [image_absolute_url1, image_absolute_url2] folder = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "images") os.mkdir(folder) with open(folder, 'wb+') as f: for file in images_list: f.write(file) response = HttpResponse(content_type='application/zip') zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile(response, 'w') for filename in images_list: zip_file.write(filename) response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; zip_file' return response -
Django Rest Framework: while using generics APIview I'm not able to set permissions( permissions.py not working for individual users)
I want the admin user to access every user detail and the non-admin user to get access to its own detail only but I'm getting errors while implementing this. As I've shared my views.py, permissions.py, and models.py for the same. I'm not sure whether the problem is in permisions.py or models.py as I'm new to django. I'm using Postman for API testing and this is working fine for the admin user but for an individual user, it's not working. views.py class UserListCreateAPIView(generics.ListCreateAPIView): permission_classes = [IsStaffOrTargetUser] queryset = User.objects.all() serializer_class = UserSerializer class UserRetrtieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): permission_classes = [IsStaffOrTargetUser] queryset = User.objects.all() serializer_class = UserSerializer permissions.py class IsStaffOrTargetUser(BasePermission): def has_permission(self, request, view): # allow user to list all users if logged in user is staff return request.user or request.user.is_staff def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj): # allow logged in user to view own details, allows staff to view all records return request.user.is_staff or obj == request.user models.py class User(AbstractBaseUser): email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='Email',max_length=255,unique=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=200) contact_number= models.IntegerField() gender = models.IntegerField(choices=GENDER_CHOICES) address= models.CharField(max_length=100) state=models.CharField(max_length=100) city=models.CharField(max_length=100) country=models.CharField(max_length=100) pincode= models.IntegerField() dob = models.DateField(null= True) # is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=False) is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True) is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False) created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) objects = UserManager() USERNAME_FIELD = 'email' REQUIRED_FIELDS … -
How do you submit your sitemap with more than one model
I have 6 models in my app, it is necessary to provide all these models in the sitemap.py file, or i will just provided only one models in the sitemap.py file ? . Actually i don't know how this sitemap works, and this is my first time provided this sitemaps to Google search console, will you please shows me how do i submit these models to sitemap in django? my sitemap.py file: from django.contrib.sitemaps import Sitemap from .models import Category class CategorySitemap(Sitemap): def items(self): return Category.objects.all() my models: class Category(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=False, null=False) def get_absolute_url(self): return "/p/%i/" % self.id def __str__(self): return str(self.name) class Question(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) title = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=False, null=False) body = RichTextField(blank=False, null=False) category = models.ForeignKey(Category, on_delete=models.CASCADE) slug = models.SlugField(unique=True, max_length=200) def __str__(self): return str(self.title) class Answer(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User, blank=False, null=False, on_delete=models.CASCADE) answer = RichTextField(blank=False, null=False) post = models.ForeignKey(Question, blank=False, null=False, on_delete=models.CASCADE) def __str__(self): return str(self.user) class Notification(models.Model): is_read = models.BooleanField(default=False) message = models.TextField() timestamp = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) url = models.ForeignKey(Answer, on_delete=models.CASCADE) def __str__(self): return str(self.user) class Profile(models.Model): user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) profile_image = CloudinaryField('image', blank=True, null=True, default='static/default.jpg') stories = RichTextField(blank=True, null=True) twitter = models.URLField(max_length=300, blank=True, null=True) website = … -
Using expressions inside tags
I'd like to capitalize a string variable and translate it at the same time, but i can't find how to do this in the api docs. i.e. this is throwing an error: {% trans {{ someString | capfirst }} %} -
Django Read Only Fields ,if there is any value
I wrote this code to make read only field, but i want to make an exception that if there is value then that row will only readonly , and if there is not any value the it will be editable, admin.py def get_readonly_fields(self, request, obj=None): if obj: return self.readonly_fields + ("name", "id") return self.readonly_fields -
Django Rest Knox - 403 Forbidden CSRF verification failed
I am using Django Rest Knox for my login/logout views. however, when trying to use these views, I get the following error: Forbidden (403). CSRF verification failed. Request aborted. See an extract of my settings.py below: # Application definition INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'frontend', 'donations', "authentication", "knox", 'rest_framework', ] MIDDLEWARE = [ 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', ] if PRODUCTION: INSTALLED_APPS.insert(0, "whitenoise.runserver_nostatic") MIDDLEWARE.insert(1, "whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware") ROOT_URLCONF = 'system.urls' TEMPLATES = [ { 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', 'DIRS': [], 'APP_DIRS': True, 'OPTIONS': { 'context_processors': [ 'django.template.context_processors.debug', 'django.template.context_processors.request', 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', ], }, }, ] WSGI_APPLICATION = 'system.wsgi.application' # Database # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#databases # Use PostgreSQL in production, otherwise SQLite DATABASES = ( { "default": { "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.postgresql", "HOST": os.environ.get("DB_HOST"), "NAME": os.environ.get("DB_NAME"), "USER": os.environ.get("DB_USER"), "PASSWORD": os.environ.get("DB_PASS"), } } if PRODUCTION else { "default": { "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3", "NAME": os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "db.sqlite3"), } } ) if HEROKU: import dj_database_url db_url = os.environ.get("DATABASE_URL") db_from_env = dj_database_url.config( default=db_url, conn_max_age=500, ssl_require=True ) DATABASES["default"].update(db_from_env) # Password validation # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ { 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator', }, { 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator', }, { 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator', }, { 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator', }, ] # Custom user model AUTH_USER_MODEL = "authentication.User" # Django REST framework REST_FRAMEWORK = { "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": ["knox.auth.TokenAuthentication"], "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES": [ … -
django server not starting after configuring the project to run a sass file which I'm using to style my django app
I configured my django app named Eshop in my django project so that I can run the Sass file i have but after restarting the server in the terminal, it's bringing an error "ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Eshopcompressor'" I've looked through for the Eshopcompressor but its not there, what next?
