Django community: RSS
This page, updated regularly, aggregates Django Q&A from the Django community.
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how to fetch a item from model and save the same item in another model with form django
i have an ecommerce site i have tow model one name is item and other add to cart i want to fetch the model with it it id and want to the same item in another model so how i can do that this what i tried class Item(models.Model): auth = [ ('✔','✔'), ('✖','✖') ] categories = models.ForeignKey(Categories, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='our_items') subcategories = models.ForeignKey(Subcategories, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='products') name = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=False) contain_size = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True) brand_name = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=False, default=None) swag = models.BooleanField(default=False) footwear = models.BooleanField(default=False) first = models.ImageField(upload_to='items', blank=False) second = models.ImageField(upload_to='items', blank=False) taken_from = models.CharField(max_length=1000) color = models.CharField(max_length=30, blank=True) material = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=False) return_policy = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=False, default='7Days Return Policy') stock = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=False, default='In Stock') authentic = models.CharField(max_length=1,blank=False,choices=auth, default='✔') price = models.FloatField(blank=False,) actual_price = models.FloatField(blank=False) type = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=100,) about = models.CharField(blank=True,max_length=100,) offer = models.CharField(max_length=4, blank=True) joined_date = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now,editable=False) update_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) description = models.TextField(blank=True) @staticmethod def get_items_by_id(ids): return Item.objects.filter(id__in = ids) def __str__(self): return self.name second model class Addtocart(models.Model): User = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) item = models.ForeignKey(Item, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='cart_item') added_date = models.DateField(auto_now=True) def __str__(self): return self.user.username know what i want is to take that item id from item model and save it in add to cart model for that … -
wagtail: Adding page as the first child of the parent page on creation
Im trying to add the created list page as the first child of the parent Index page. The problem is that when I use django treebeard api django treebeard api it succeeds sometimes but other times it shows me an error: {'path': ['Page with this Path already exists.']} How can I solve this? CODE: @receiver(post_save, sender=ListPage) def move_page(sender, instance, **kwargs): instance.move(instance.get_parent(), pos='first-child') -
Get Average of three Boolean Fields
I am building a Simple Blog App and I am trying to get the average of three Boolean fields. For Example :- There are three boolean fields in model named bool_1, bool_2 and bool_3 and two of any three is True then show something. models.py class BlogPost(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) title = models.CharField(max_length=30) bool_1 = models.BooleanField(default=False) bool_2 = models.BooleanField(default=False) bool_3 = models.BooleanField(default=False) views.py def page(request): queryset = BlogPost.object.filter(user=request.user)..aggregate( avr=Avg(F('bool_1') + F( 'bool_2 ') + F('bool_3 '))).order_by('avr') context = {'queryset':queryset} return render(request, 'page.html', context) But it shows operator does not exist: character varying + character varying LINE 1: SELECT AVG((("app__blogpost"."bool_1" + "app__blogpost.. What have i tried :- I also tried by Case and then method like :- queryset = BlogPost.objects.filter( user=request.user).aggregate( boolean_value=Count(Case(When(bool_1=True, then=Value("Working"))))) but it showed {'boolean_value': 0} I have tried many times but it is still not working. Any help would be much Appreciated. Thank You. -
Django, storing PDF documents as archive belongs to objects
I have question about the django. I have many applications on my project, but i am trying to create different two app, and first one has PDF documents section. On the other hand i am trying to use other application as archive of this PDF's of the created objects. How can i do that, i could not imagine that how it will be coded. Thanks in advance. All notion are valuable! -
Django Postgres Connection Reset in Docker
I have a Django app and Postgres DB running on two separate containers. The DB connection from Django continues to be set whenever I startup the containers. I tried restarting Django, but get the same result. I'm able to go into psql from the Django container and view the tables. Error traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/threading.py", line 973, in _bootstrap_inner self.run() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/threading.py", line 910, in run self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 64, in wrapper fn(*args, **kwargs) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/channels/management/commands/runserver.py", line 76, in inner_run self.check_migrations() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 486, in check_migrations executor = MigrationExecutor(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 18, in __init__ self.loader = MigrationLoader(self.connection) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/migrations/loader.py", line 53, in __init__ self.build_graph() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/migrations/loader.py", line 220, in build_graph self.applied_migrations = recorder.applied_migrations() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/migrations/recorder.py", line 77, in applied_migrations if self.has_table(): File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/migrations/recorder.py", line 55, in has_table with self.connection.cursor() as cursor: File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/asyncio.py", line 26, in inner return func(*args, **kwargs) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 259, in cursor return self._cursor() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 235, in _cursor self.ensure_connection() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/asyncio.py", line 26, in inner return func(*args, **kwargs) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 219, in ensure_connection self.connect() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 90, in __exit__ raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 219, in ensure_connection self.connect() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/asyncio.py", line 26, in … -
How to assign an event by passing the primary key (id) list as a parameter using javascript
I am outputting student information to table in django. The function we want to create is that the currently logged in teacher selects the checkbox of the desired student and clicks the "Add Teacher" button, then the name of the currently logged in teacher is added to the clicked student's teacher field. The name of the currently logged in teacher can be obtained as {{ request.user.name }}. <table class="maintable"> <thead> <tr> <th class="text-black text-center text-nowrap bg-secondary font-weight-bold sticky-top-custom">Name</th> <th class="text-black text-center text-nowrap bg-secondary font-weight-bold sticky-top-custom">Age</th> <th class="text-black text-center text-nowrap bg-secondary font-weight-bold sticky-top-custom">Register Date</th> <th class="text-black text-center text-nowrap bg-secondary font-weight-bold sticky-top-custom">Teacher</th> <th class="text-black text-center text-nowrap bg-secondary font-weight-bold sticky-top-custom">Select</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for student in students %} <tr student-id="{{ student.id }}"> <td>{{ student.name }}</td> <td>{{ student.age }}</td> <td>{{ student.register_date }}</td> <td>{{ student.techer }}</td> <td><input type="checkbox"></td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> <input type="button" value="Add Teacher" class="addteacher"> The method I thought of is as follows, but the code does not work and seems to need improvement. Help! urls.py path('student/<int:id>/edit/', views.edit_student, name='edit_student') --> It looks like the parameter needs a list. views.py def edit_student(request, id): student = get_object_or_404(Student, pk=id) --> Just like the parameter in urls.py needs to be changed to a list … -
In Django E-commerce app, how I send user wishlist (when user is not logged in) data to cart after user logged in, I used session for Wishlist
For that I used session to store product information for the wishlist and bu can't send when user is logged in/. -
Django backward foreign key query not working
hi i am working on a chat application on django with django channels and i am trying to query all the first messages of the user here when i do user.message_set.all() it is throwing AttributeError at / 'User' object has no attribute 'message_set' full traceback: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/__neeraj__/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 47, in inner response = get_response(request) File "/home/__neeraj__/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 181, in _get_response response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs) File "/home/__neeraj__/Documents/chat/home/views.py", line 10, in index print(i.messages_set.all()) AttributeError: 'User' object has no attribute 'message_set' my models.py class Message(models.Model): sender = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="sender") receiver = models.ForeignKey( User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="receiver" ) text = models.CharField(max_length=2000) created_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) my view : def index(request): users = User.objects.all() context = {"users": users} for user in users: print(user.message_set.all()) return render(request, "index.html", context=context) is this because i have double foreign key reference of user model on message table? -
while going through api/register url the following error occurs AttributeError: 'function' object has no attribute '_meta'
urls.py file from .views import RegisterAPI , LoginAPI from knox import views as knox_views from django.urls import path from accounts import views urlpatterns = [ path('' , views.index , name='home') , path('register' , views.register , name='register') , path('login' , views.login , name='login') , path('logouts' , views.logouts , name='logouts') , path('api/register/', RegisterAPI.as_view(), name='register'), path('api/login/', LoginAPI.as_view(), name='login'), path('api/logout/', knox_views.LogoutView.as_view(), name='logout'), path('api/logoutall/', knox_views.LogoutAllView.as_view(), name='logoutall'), ] above file is my urls.py file in which i am getting error when i am trying api/register -
How do you set select date in class CreateView (django.views.generic) for deadline?
I can select date for deadline if I creating gig in admin, but when user creates a new gig the datefield doesn't work in the form and I don't know how to set it. Can someone help? views.py class GigCreateView(CreateView): model = Gig template_name = 'gigs/create_gig.html' fields = ['title', 'industry', 'city', 'country', 'gigdescription', 'deadline', ] create_gig.html <form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data"> {% csrf_token %} <fieldset class="form-group"> <legend class="border-bottom mb-4">Create Gig</legend> <div class="card-body"> <h6 class="card-text">Title: &nbsp; {{form.title}}</h6> <h6 class="card-title">Profession: &nbsp; {{form.profession}}</h6> <h6 class="card-title">City: &nbsp; {{form.city}}</h6> <h6 class="card-text">Deadline: &nbsp; {{form.deadline}}</h6> <h6 class="card-text">Description: &nbsp; {{form.gigdescription}}</h6> </div> </fieldset> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <!-- Edit button --> <div class="form-group col-3 text-center"> <button class="btn btn-edit" type="submit">UPDATE</button> </div> <!-- Delete button --> <div class="form-group col-3 text-center"> <button class="btn btn-delete" type="#">DELETE</button> </div> </div> </form> -
Cannot assign "...'": "TestData.user" must be a "User" instance
Very new to the Django Rest Framework, so would appreciate some help with this one. I get the error in the title when I try and do a POST request in Postman with an appropriate auth token. I've made a table that I want to send a POST request to, but having issues with getting a user FK to be accepted as one of the columns. Plz see model/serializer/view below: Model class TestData (models.Model): TestSDG = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=0, max_digits=2, default=0) user = models.ForeignKey("auth.User", related_name="testdata", on_delete=models.CASCADE) Serializer class TestDataSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = TestData fields = ('id', 'TestSDG') View @csrf_exempt def testDataApi(request, id=0): if request.method == 'GET': testdata = TestData.objects.all() testdata_serializer = TestDataSerializer(testdata,many=True) return JsonResponse(testdata_serializer.data,safe=False) elif request.method == 'POST': testdata_data=JSONParser().parse(request) testdata_serializer=TestDataSerializer(data=testdata_data) if testdata_serializer.is_valid(): testdata_serializer.save(user=request.user) return JsonResponse("Added Successfully", safe=False) The POST request works fine if I don't use the user as a foreign key, and I change testdata_serializer.save(user=request.user) back to testdata_serializer.save(), but I want the table to require a user's id. Appreciate any help, thank you. -
drf-yasg cover all responses to following implemented standard api response
I did implement the standard API response such as this article in my app. And I also implement drf-yasg for my API documentation. As we know the schema are using directly serializer to present the response. How I can cover all these below response examples by using drf-yasg schema? 1. Success Single { "status": 200, # int : http status, can be 201, 200, etc. "success": true, # bool: boolean to identify the response is success or failed. "message": "The success message", # str : string success message or null "result": {} # dict: a dict response data } 2. Success List { "status": 200, # int : http status "success": true, # bool: boolean to identify the response is success or failed. "message": null, # str : string message or null. "results": [], # arr : a list/array "count": 2, # int: all total result items "page_size": 5, # int: maximum items per-page "current_page": 1, # int: your current page "next": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/page/?page=2&search=a", # str: string link or null. "previous": null # str: string link or null. } 3. Error or Failed { "status": 400, # int : http status, can be 403,404,500,etc.. "success": false, # bool: boolean to identify … -
How to make new blog page with Wagtail in existing Django web-application project
I'm looking to add a blog page to an existing Django app that can be managed by Wagtail. Currently, using the official Wagtail documentation, Wagtail can be installed in the Django project, and the blog administration page (http://127.0.0.1:8000/cms/) is shown. However, even if I edit view.py and template.py, the Blog page (http://127.0.0.1:8000/blog/ ) remains in the initial screen("Welcome to..."), and the HTML file I created is not reflected Please,tell me how to create and show the blog page. The settings.py etc. are almost the same as in this page. index.html is a very simple one in templates\blog as a test. # blog/views.py from django.http import HttpResponse from django.views.generic.list import ListView from blog.models import TopPage class IndexView(ListView): model = TopPage template_name = 'blog/index.html' # blog/urls.py from django.urls import path from . import views app_name = 'blog' urlpatterns = [ path('', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index'), ] # blog/models.py from django.db import models from wagtail.core.models import Page from wagtail.search.models import Query from wagtail.core.fields import RichTextField from wagtail.admin.edit_handlers import FieldPanel from wagtail.images.edit_handlers import ImageChooserPanel class TopPage(Page): cover_image = models.ForeignKey( 'wagtailimages.Image', null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, related_name='+' ) intro = models.CharField(max_length=255) main_body = RichTextField(blank=True) side_image = models.ForeignKey( 'wagtailimages.Image', null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, related_name='+' ) side_title = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=255) side_body = … -
Get foreign key element from a related_name on django
I have three models such as the one below and I am trying to write a query that allows me to access all the Day_Type associated to the Day objects that are pointing to a specific JobProject. I know that I can get all the Day pointing at a JobProject by querying project.jobproject_days.all() and I can get the values of the Day_Type by doing project.jobproject_days.values_list('day_type__name', flat=True) BUT how can I get the Day_Type themselves? class JobProject(models.Model): ...... class Day_Type(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=30) class Day(models.Model): .... day_type = models.ForeignKey(Day_Type, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, related_name='day_type') project = models.ForeignKey(JobProject, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='jobproject_days', null=True) -
Django: select all data from a row in a html table and use them in a view
I am new to both django and web development. The task is to run a script when pressin a button using the data contained in the specific row of an html table. So if i clik on the second button "Run script" it uses all the data in that row (8888, 2020/06/21 06:00) in a separate script to performe some task. Currently my html file looks like this: There are 2 sections one for uplading the information that goes in the table one the table which displays them <h1>Approach Path KML Generator</h1> <h2>Generate the KML file here:</h2> <form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> {% csrf_token %} {{ form.as_p }} <button onclick="location.href='{% url 'approach_path_receptorsKML:Proejct Creator' %}'">Upload</button> </form> <h2>Projects Available:</h2> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Project ID</th> <th>Date KML</th> <th>Time KML</th> <th>Date-Time Uploaded</th> <th>Run The Conversion</th> <th>KML File</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for project in latest_project_list %} <tr> <td>{{ project.project_ID }}</td> <td>{{ project.date_kml }}</td> <td>{{ project.time_kml }}</td> <td>{{ project.upload_time }}</td> <td> <button method="post" value="collect data" name="{{ project.project_ID }}|{{ project.date_kml }}|{{ project.time_kml }}|{{ project.upload_time }}">Run script</button> </td> <td> <a href="{{ project.download_doc }}" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Download KML File</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> And this is the view I have created: def ProjectCreator(request): form = DocumentForm() … -
How to change html background color using django code
I was doing a project and I was wondering, I wanted to make a button in HTML which would be controlled in the Django views.py. So basically when someone clicks on the button the background becomes dark and it gets saved, what I mean is if the person refreshes the page the background will still be dark. I wanted to know if it was possible to do it. Thanks. -
Run Django and GRPC same application
I'm working on the Django rest framework project and I need to work with gRPC as well. But I don't know how to manage to run both HTTP server and gRPC server same time. Like in .NET it has option to listen both HTTP1 and HTTP2. When I use command python manage.py runserver then gRPC doesn't work and when I used python manage.py grpcserver then Rest API doesn't work Is there any solution to this problem? Thanks. I used packages: djangorestframework and django-grpc -
Traces inside a celery task are logged in console but not reported to Jaeger backend
So in our company we are using Django as the backend web framework and have heavily used celery for backgroun processing and now we want to start implementing distributed tracing now that things are getting complex. We decided to go with Jaeger as the tracer, and have used django_opentracing to auto instrument our existing codebase. Things work perfectly for a normal request and we can see traces in jaeger ui but when a api request triggers a celery task in background, in the console logs we can see that jaeger is sending traces but they are not visible in the ui. Following django_opentracing doc below is our code setup. # settings.py file # ... # OpenTracing settings OPENTRACING_TRACE_ALL = True OPENTRACING_TRACED_ATTRIBUTES = ['META', 'body', 'path', 'path_info', 'method', 'FILES', 'headers'] def get_tracer(): from jaeger_client import Config config = Config( config={ # usually read from some yaml config 'sampler': { 'type': 'const', 'param': 1, }, 'local_agent': { 'reporting_host': '127.0.0.1', 'reporting_port': '5775' }, 'logging': True, }, service_name='optimus-store', validate=True, ) return config.initialize_tracer() tracer = get_tracer() OPENTRACING_TRACING = django_opentracing.DjangoTracing(tracer) from opentracing_instrumentation.client_hooks import install_all_patches install_all_patches() # Opentracing settings end ... other settings stuff My celery file for django project, import os from celery import Celery from … -
Direct assignment to the forward side of a many-to-many set is prohibited. Use product_variation.set() instead
I am new to Django and didn't find any reference regarding this issue. I am getting this error when i use many to many field in Django model. Im trying to add ProductVariationCategory to ProductVariation and then to products. and i get following error : Direct assignment to the forward side of a many-to-many set is prohibited. Use product_variation.set() instead. here is my models.py class Product(models.Model): headline = models.CharField(max_length=150) product_variation = models.ManyToManyField(ProductVariation, blank=True) class ProductVariationCategory(models.Model): headline = models.CharField(max_length=255, default="") class ProductVariation(models.Model): category = models.ForeignKey(ProductVariationCategory, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True) headline = models.CharField(max_length=255, default='') and here is my views.py* product_variation_categories, _ = ProductVariationCategory.objects.get_or_create(headline=product_variation_category) product_variations, _ = ProductVariation.objects.get_or_create(headline=product_variation, category=product_variation_categories) products, _ = Product.objects.get_or_create(product_variation=product_variations) im trying to assign productvariation with its relations to products. any idea? -
Not able to establish connection with Heroku Redis using Django channels_redis
I'm using Django Channels in my app to make a person to person chat function. For this I'm using Django Channels channel layers that uses 'Redis' as a backing store. I have following configuration in the settings.py: CHANNEL_LAYERS = { "default": { "BACKEND": "channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer", "CONFIG": { "hosts": [os.environ.get('REDIS_URL', ("localhost", 6379))], }, }, } The CHANNEL_LAYERS is working fine for development when 'hosts' points to localhost. However for production, when I'm trying to make sure that the channel layer can communicate with Redis on Heroku it does not work. Using code as giving in Channels Docs as shown below, gives the following error import channels.layers >>> channel_layer = channels.layers.get_channel_layer() >>> from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync >>> async_to_sync(channel_layer.send)('test_channel', {'type': 'hello'}) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<console>", line 1, in <module> File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/asgiref/sync.py", line 223, in __call__ return call_result.result() File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/concurrent/futures/_base.py", line 428, in result return self.__get_result() File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/concurrent/futures/_base.py", line 384, in __get_result raise self._exception File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/asgiref/sync.py", line 292, in main_wrap result = await self.awaitable(*args, **kwargs) File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/channels_redis/core.py", line 299, in send async with self.connection(index) as connection: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/channels_redis/core.py", line 835, in __aenter__ self.conn = await self.pool.pop() File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/channels_redis/core.py", line 73, in pop conns.append(await aioredis.create_redis(**self.host, loop=loop)) File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/aioredis/commands/__init__.py", line 175, in create_redis loop=loop) … -
what is the meaning of request.POST['first'] and this is predefined dictionary and what will be value of 'first' key?
request.POST['first'] has POST[] dictionary made in request object and what will be the value of 'first' key? -
Get the value of a list to upload an Image on a djanog models
I need some help with a question, I'm currently working on a django project and I have a models like this : CATEGORY = ( ('raw', 'raw'), ('jpg', 'jpg'), ('psd', 'psd') ) Row = ( ('Homepage1', 'Homepage1'), ('Homepage2', 'Homepage2'), ('Homepage3', 'Homepage3') ) name = models.CharField(null=True, max_length=200) album = models.ForeignKey(Album, on_delete=models.CASCADE) file = models.ImageField(upload_to=Row.__getattribute__, null=True, blank=True) file_type = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=True, choices=CATEGORY) is_favorite = models.BooleanField(default=False) date_uploaded = models.DateTimeField(default=now) def __str__(self): return str(self.album) + "ID.{:0>3}".format(self.id) How can I use the Row list to say where I would upload the Images, do I get it right ? by saying this : models.ImageField(upload_to=**Row.__getattribute__,** null=True, blank=True) ???? Thanks y'all in advance -
Please suggest some of file uploading JS library for VueJS
I want to have a loading based file file upload feature in Vuejs while uploading the file to Django backend. -
Django-fcm how to set senderId
I'm working with django-fcm and I'm getting a mismatch senderId error, here's how I'm sending messages devices = DeviceNotification.objects.filter(user__id__in=get_user_model().objects.filter_by_targeting(instance.targeting)) res = devices.send_message(title=instance.title_fr, body=instance.content_fr, data={"title": instance.title_fr, "body": instance.content_fr}) Is there a way to add senderId to send_message function? thanks. -
Is there a way to combine a list of querysets into a sql union?
Given a list of querysets, is it possible to combine them into a union? Ideally the Django API would allow something like this - union(*querysets) But as far as I can see a union is only possible like this - q1.union(*rest_of_querysets) So given this is the only way how can I get the first item of the list of querysets without evaluating it? At the moment I have this which doesn't work - q1 = querysets[0] # it is evaluated at this point so doesn't work q1.union(*querysets[1:], all=True)
