Django community: RSS
This page, updated regularly, aggregates Django Q&A from the Django community.
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How to access websocket send_message from django view
I have successfully established a dummy websocket where the client and the server have a handshake. when the userA logs-in the JS whenLoadingPage takes care of the connection and receives a message from django that the connection was established. My question: say I have a background task and I wish to notify the user that the task is completed at the end. How can send a notification from the view? on the JS: function whenLoadingPage() { console.log("WS TEST...") var loc = window.location; var wsStart = 'ws://'; var endpoint = wsStart + loc.host +'/websocket/dummy_consumer/'; socket = new WebSocket(endpoint); socket.onopen = function() { message = {"command":"hello world"} var messageJSON = JSON.stringify(message); socket.send(messageJSON); } socket.onmessage = function(e) { try{ console.log("got it..."); console.log(event.data); }catch(err) { console.log(event) } } } the consumer on django: class DummyConsumer(AsyncConsumer): async def websocket_connect(self, event): print ("dummy consumer initializing...") await self.send({ "type": "websocket.accept", }) async def websocket_receive(self, event): message = event['text'] print ("I received a message from JS:---->"+message) print ("working on my long request...") await asyncio.sleep(0.1) await self.send({ 'type': 'websocket.send', 'text': 'heres your data', }) async def send_message(self, event): await self.send({ "type": "websocket.send", 'text': 'this comes from the view!' }) async def websocket_disconnect(self, event): print("websocket_disconnect ", event) //result on django: … -
How to login using http request for Django
I am writing a backend for an app. Trying to send something like http://127.0.0.1:8000/httplogin/username/password/ to authenticate said user and login as that user with following view function: def httplogin(request, username, pw): username=str(username) pw=str(pw) #both string for username and pw are captured successfully print(request.user.username) user=authenticate(username=username, password=pw) print(user) login(request,user) return HttpResponse("Welcome back "+request.user.username) However, all I keep getting back is request still logged in as Anonymous user or the user previously logged. How do I switch away from Anonymous user? -
Avoid repeated entries from same user
I'm trying to build an auction site. I've set up my placebid view and I'm quite happy with how it functions but the problem is the same user is able to bid on the same listing multiple times. This is okay but instead of it being stored in the database as several separate bids all by the same user, I want the initial bid to be updated or initial bid removed and new bid created. I did try UniqueConstraint and added to my Bid model (fields: bidder and bid_input) but it made no difference plus when I deleted it from my Bid model and makemigrations there were no changes detected so it seems the database was dismissing it anyway. I tried to do a .filter().exists() check before saving the form in my placebid view and now the form lets me place an initial bid but when I do a second bid it returns a Page Not Found error: Page not found (404) Request Method: POST Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/listing/3/bid Raised by: auctions.views.placebid No Bid matches the given query. This is my functional views.py with no form validation checking: def placebid(request, id): listing_bid = get_object_or_404(Listing, id=id) highest_bid = Bid.objects.filter(bid_item_id=id).aggregate(Max('bid_input'))['bid_input__max'] or Decimal('0') currentHighest … -
How can i create global django prefix?
How I can create URLs like this: main url: ecommerce.com with prefix: ny.ecommerce.com moscow.ecommer.com And then I want to use this .ecommerce.com in functions, how I can retrieve it? -
how to make summation of two or more similar objects and prevent creating the new one if its exists ? django
i try to make a system for a storage , sometimes it happen two similar objects are entry in two different time , i have to summation the quantity of both and looks like one object instead of two different object for example i've entry this data one week ago name=mouse , qnt=20 , price=20 and today i add a new collection of mouse (the same mouse as before) name=mouse , qnt=10 , price=15 i have to whenever i face similar problem it automatically summation quantities =(30) and price = ((20+15)/2) instead of creating a new object to the second mouse object is it possible ? or is there anything else for similar issues ?! this is my model this is the Products model class Products(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=20,unique=True) qnt = models.IntegerField() price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=20,decimal_places=3,null=True,blank=True) def __str__(self): return self.name this is the Collections model class Collections(models.Model): name = models.ForeignKey(Products, on_delete=models.CASCADE) qnt = models.IntegerField() price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=20,decimal_places=3,null=True,blank=True) i dont need to create new object to the same product as exist in collection , i have to just summation the quantities ?! is it possible ?thanks -
How can I determine if a string in Django model list field contains a substring?
How do I write a filter like this: MyObject.objects.filter(some_string__icontains="match") for each string in a list field like this: MyObject.objects.filter(some_list__icontains="match") # Not working So if some_list in a MyObject looks like this: some_list = ["item1", "item2", "item3match"] the query above should find it -
Wagtail - show latest 3 posts but filter the 3 posts when in the latest post selected
bit hard to explain this one but I will give it my best. I am trying to develop a wagtail website and all is looking fine, but now I have come across a problem. In my side panel to the right I have the latest 3 posts published. This always shows the latest 3 posts which is great for further reading but when I select one of those posts in the side panel, the post that I have selected is still visible in the side panel. So basically I am looking for some kind of restructuring to my models to say if post selected, in side panel show the next latest post applicable instead. a visual representation is thus: So my code is as follows: template: <div class="col-2__sm"> <div class="card"> {% for child in page.get_recent_blogs %} <div class="col-1 card__block"> <div class="card__content news-blocks"> <a class="blog__recent-posts" href="{{ child.url }}"> <div class="image"> {% image child.image fill-850x450-c100 %} </div> <h3>{{ child.title }}</h3> <p>{{ child.introduction|truncatewords:15 }}</p> <span>Read More</span> </a> </div> </div> {% endfor %} </div> </div> In my model I have this: def get_recent_blogs(self): max_count = 3 return BlogPage.objects.all().order_by( '-first_published_at')[:max_count] # add this to custom context def get_context(self, request): context = super(BlogPage, self).get_context(request) context['blogs'] = … -
Django - OR filter on two fields, one of which is in related table
I have two models: Post and User (the standard Django User model - thus not shown below) class Post(models.Model): # post_file = CloudinaryField(resource_type='video',blank=True) post_file = models.CharField(max_length=500,blank=False,default="") user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) description = models.CharField(max_length=150,blank=False,default="") approved = models.BooleanField(default=False) active = models.BooleanField(default=False) I want to filter Posts where either the post description or the User.user_name contains a search string. e.g. search_crit ='erch' Tried many approaches but the solution keeps evading me. from django.db.models import Q active_post_views = Post.objects.filter(active=True, approved=True).select_related('user') matched_active_post_views = active_post_views.filter( Q(description__contains=search_crit) | Q(username__contains=search_crit) ) -
How to use Docker Volumes?
I am completely new to Docker, right now I am using an open-source tool, which is a Docker application, I need to make some changes to the existing application for my requirement and it should reflect the changes, I did a lot of searching, then I found that we can do this with the help of Docker Volumes, but I am unable to follow any of the articles on the web as well as documentation? Any suggestions will be appreciated. docker-compose.yml: version: "3.3" services: cvat_db: container_name: cvat_db image: postgres:10-alpine networks: default: aliases: - db restart: always environment: POSTGRES_USER: root POSTGRES_DB: cvat POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD: trust volumes: - cvat_db:/var/lib/postgresql/data cvat_redis: container_name: cvat_redis image: redis:4.0-alpine networks: default: aliases: - redis restart: always cvat: container_name: cvat image: cvat/server restart: always depends_on: - cvat_redis - cvat_db build: context: . args: http_proxy: https_proxy: no_proxy: nuclio,${no_proxy} socks_proxy: USER: "django" DJANGO_CONFIGURATION: "production" TZ: "Etc/UTC" CLAM_AV: "no" environment: DJANGO_MODWSGI_EXTRA_ARGS: "" ALLOWED_HOSTS: '*' CVAT_REDIS_HOST: "cvat_redis" CVAT_POSTGRES_HOST: "cvat_db" volumes: - cvat_data:/home/django/data - cvat_keys:/home/django/keys - cvat_logs:/home/django/logs - cvat_models:/home/django/models cvat_ui: container_name: cvat_ui image: cvat/ui restart: always build: context: . args: http_proxy: https_proxy: no_proxy: socks_proxy: dockerfile: Dockerfile.ui networks: default: aliases: - ui depends_on: - cvat cvat_proxy: container_name: cvat_proxy image: nginx:stable-alpine restart: always depends_on: - cvat … -
django.db.utils.IntegrityError: null value in column "user_id" violates not-null constraint
I want to create a process whereby when a user registers by default he/she is just an ordinary user, then if the user wants additional privileges thereby becoming a "vendor", they have to register with another form (this form should update their already created profile). I tried what i could to this point but i keep getting "null value in column "user_id" violates not-null constraint" when i register with the second form. the UserCreationForm works well, here's the Vendor form: from django import forms from .models import Profile from blog.models import Category from django.db import transaction class VendorRegisterForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Profile fields = ['bvn', 'company', 'description', 'address'] @transaction.atomic def save(self): profile = super().save(commit=False) profile.is_vendor = True profile.save() profile = Profile.objects.create(user=user) # student.interests.add(*self.cleaned_data.get('interests')) return profile Model: class Profile(models.Model): user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) bio = models.CharField(max_length=245, null=True) image = models.ImageField(default='default.png', upload_to='profile_pics') interests = models.ManyToManyField(Category, related_name='interests_user') is_vendor = models.BooleanField(default=False) # vendor bvn = models.CharField(max_length=10, null=True, blank=True) description = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True) address = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=True, blank=True) company = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True) def __str__(self): return f'{self.user.username} Profile' @property def followers(self): return Follow.objects.filter(follow_user=self.user).count() @property def following(self): return Follow.objects.filter(user=self.user).count() def save(self, force_insert=False, force_update=False, using=None, update_fields=None): super().save() img = Image.open(self.image.path) if img.height > 300 or img.width … -
Django best practice for scripts organizing
I had the project on Django 3.1 with the following layout: . ├── app │ ├── app │ │ ├── asgi.py │ │ ├── __init__.py │ │ ├── settings.py │ │ ├── urls.py │ │ └── wsgi.py │ ├── core │ │ ├── admin.py │ │ ├── apps.py │ │ ├── fixtures │ │ │ ├── Client.json │ │ │ └── DataFeed.json │ │ ├── __init__.py │ │ ├── migrations │ │ │ ├── 0001_initial.py │ │ │ ├── 0002_auto_20201009_0950.py │ │ │ └── __init__.py │ │ ├── models.py │ │ └── tests │ │ └── __init__.py │ └── manage.py I want to add 2 scripts to this project: download_xml.py - to check and download .xml files from external sources by schedule (every ~30 min) update_db_info.py - to be invoked by download_xml.py and transfer data from downloaded xml to the database What is the best django practice for organizing a placement for this kind of scripts? My ideas: just create scripts folder inside of an app/core and put scripts there. Invoke them using cron run python manage.py startapp db_update so the new app in django will be created. I will remove migrations, views, models etc from it and put scripts … -
Photos for each post in django
I have created a blog website and I want to display images for every post like YouTube thumbnails. I created an image field in my Post Class but it is not saving my image in the media folder when I create a post. Post class in models.py: class Post(models.Model): name = models.CharField(default='Concert', max_length=100) invite = models.ImageField(default='invite.jpg', upload_to='invite_pics') date_posted = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now) author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) def __str__(self): return self.name def get_absolute_url(self): return reverse('post-detail', kwargs={'pk': self.pk}) This is my CreatePost class in views.py: class PostCreateView(LoginRequiredMixin, CreateView): model = Post template_name = 'home_page/post_form.html' fields = ['name', 'invite'] def form_valid(self, form): form.instance.author = self.request.user return super().form_valid(form) I have set the MEDIA_ROOT and MEDIA_URL in settings.py: MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media') MEDIA_URL = '/media/' So as I have said earlier, the image is not getting saved to media/invite_pics what should I do? -
Wagtail: Filter Page model by a field on the child
I have two models, ParentPage and ChildPage. I want to find the set of ParentPages where a field is_completed is True on the ChildPage. Normally in Django, I could do something like ParentPage.objects.filter(child_page__is_completed=True) However, I don't think there is a join here for the Wagtail/Treebeard hierarchy. I also thought you might be able to filter ChildPages by multiple ParentPages, e.g. ChildPage.objects.children_of([parent_ids]), but I can't see a way to do that either. Is there a simpler way? -
What are the differences between using serializers and for loop to return a json response?
I am trying to create an API to return some JSON responses with Django. The app is just doing some CRUD operations and integration with Shopify API. From my understanding, I know that I can use Django Rest Framework (DRF), plain Django serializer, or return JSON response on my own. From this thread, I know that DRF can give me a better JSON format than Django serializer. However, is it simpler to just loop the Model and return the JSON Response on my own? For example, for product in products: if 'node' in product: returnProduct = {} node = product['node'] returnProduct['id'] = node['id'][22:] returnProduct['updated_at'] = node['updatedAt'].split('T', 1)[0] returnProduct['title'] = node['title'] returnProduct['short_title'] = node['title'][0:48] + "..." if len(node['title']) > 48 else node['title'] returnProducts.append(returnProduct) data = { "products" : returnProducts} return JsonResponse(data) Is it because it's faster to use serializers than looping on my own? Or am I mixing up different scenarios? -
DJANGO - AudioField - problem with make migration - [ERROR (auth.E005)]
I tried make AudioField with django-audiofield My project settings: INSTALLED_APPS = [ ... 'audiofield', ] MIDDLEWARE = [ ... 'audiofield.middleware.threadlocals.ThreadLocals', ] STATIC_URL = '/static/' STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),) MEDIA_URL = '/mediafiles/' MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'mediafiles') AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'user.Profile' in my models.py I have: class Beat(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=120) audio_file = AudioField(upload_to='/music', blank=True, ext_whitelist=(".mp3", ".wav", ".ogg"), help_text=("Allowed type - .mp3, .wav, .ogg")) def audio_file_player(self): """audio player tag for admin""" if self.audio_file: file_url = settings.MEDIA_URL + str(self.audio_file) player_string = '<ul class="playlist"><li style="width:250px;">\ <a href="%s">%s</a></li></ul>' % (file_url, os.path.basename(self.audio_file.name)) return player_string audio_file_player.allow_tags = True audio_file_player.short_description = _('Audio file player') I cant make migrations. There is some error: ERRORS: audiofield.AudioFile: (auth.E005) The permission codenamed 'view_audiofile' clashes with a builtin permission for model 'audiofield.AudioFile'. -
ERROR: Can not perform a '--user' install. User site-packages are not visible in this virtualenv
Actually, I wanted to create my first django project. After I did some coding in the cmd then I opened the code using visual studio code. I selected the python interpreter on the status bar, then I changed it to the python interpreter installed in my digital environment. After that, I got message that linter pylint is not installed. After I installed that, these errors occurred. enter image description here -
Electron + React as frontend and Django Rest as backend, would it work?
I have built an API using Django Rest Framework which acts as the backend. As of now, I'm using React JS as frontend, just like any other web application. Now I want to get into building a native desktop app using Electron Js. Is there a way to combine Electron and React as one whole desktop app, which throws request to Django API hosted online? A guideline would be much appreciated. Django also throws a CORS error, which when called from a non-listed url. Usually, when calling from React js as a normal application, we'll list out the port number/base URL as whitelist. How exactly things work when calling it from a desktop app? -
starting with N froms in django modelformset where N = len(initial)
I'm using a formset in django to save multiple instances of the same Model. I don't intend to use the formset to edit existing instances of that model, I only intend to create multiple new instances using this formset. However, the formset will take a list of initial form values which can vary in size. I want the formset to be rendered with exactly N instances of my modelform, where N is equal to the len of the initial list passed. I don't want to create the instances in the database and pass them as a queryset, because i could end up making 40 instances of the model when only 4 are required. From the docs on formsets: If the number of items in the initial data exceeds max_num, all initial data forms will be displayed regardless of the value of max_num and no extra forms will be displayed. For example, if extra=3 and max_num=1 and the formset is initialized with two initial items, two forms with the initial data will be displayed. from docs on modelformsets As with regular formsets, it’s possible to specify initial data for forms in the formset by specifying an initial parameter when instantiating the … -
how to use Django Hitcount in a function based view rather than a class?
The documentation covered only the usage of Django-Hitcount in a class-based view. from hitcount.views import HitCountDetailView class PostCountHitDetailView(HitCountDetailView): model = Post # your model goes here count_hit = True # set to True if you want it to try and count the hit Is there any way to use it in a function? -
Filtering one model based on another model's field
I have the following models: class User(AbstractUser): pass class Post(models.Model): post_user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) post_content = models.TextField() post_date = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now) class Follow(models.Model): follow_user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) follow_target = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='follow_target') I'm trying to create a queryset of all posts that were created by users I follow (me being the currently logged in user). My queryset currently looks like this but I keep getting NameError: field not found: postresult = Post.objects.all().filter(post_user=follow__follow_target, follow__follow_user=request.user) Any help will be greatly appreciated! -
Enable and Disable a request paramaters in Django drg-yasg swagger
I'm trying to customize my API documentation build with drf-yasg. I'm using Django=3.0.3, djangorestframework==3.11.0 and drf-yasg==1.17.1 Here in the Get method, I want to disable broadcast_week param if the user chooses adhocRequirementName param value other than valid_actual_runs. I'm not sure this is possible or not because I don't find anything like this in the documentation. Anyone pls let me know if any way to do this or let me know this is possible or not. PFA for your reference Thanks -
DJANGO - DISPLAY ONLY LOGGED USER PROJECTS
i'm working on a django project that manages some projects. In a view I have to show only the projects of the logged in user, but everything i do doesn't work and i really don't know what else to try. I'm new to programming. Basically my application has a Worker Model that has only a field: worker = models.ForeignKey(User) Then it has a Responsable Model that has only one field: responsable = models.ForeignKey(User) I have these 2 models because i need to separate the users in workers and responsables. This is my project Model: class Project(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=255) description = models.CharField(max_length=1000) client = models.ForeignKey(Cliente, on_delete=models.CASCADE) complete = models.BooleanField(default=False) urgent = models.BooleanField(default=False) deadline = models.DateField() worker = models.ForeignKey(Worker, on_delete=models.CASCADE) responsable = models.ForeignKey(Responsable, on_delete=models.CASCADE) This is in my views.py: from django.shortcuts import render from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required @login_required(login_url='/accounts/login/') def projectsWorkers(request): user = request.user user_projects = Project.objects.filter(worker=user).order_by('deadline') template = 'projects/projects-worker-home.html' return render(request, template, {'user_projects': user_projects, 'user': user}) but i get an error: Cannot query "Simone": Must be "Worker" instance. I think that the problem is the fact that in my Project Model the worker field has a foreign key to Worker and not to User, but i can't change that, so what … -
Commiting new changes to Gunicorn + Nginx + Django dockerized application in server
Docker novice here. I have committed new changes inside the application. These changes where copied from my local to host machine, and then to docker container. So I created a new image sudo docker commit old_container_id new_image_name(djangotango-on-docker_web) Then I spin the docker container by using new image created. sudo docker run --name djangotango-web -d --expose 8000 djangotango-on-docker_web gunicorn djangotango.wsgi:application --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 Here djangotango-on-docker_web is my new image created. But my application gives 502 error after this. My new container is not synced properly. dockerfile version: '3.8' services: web: build: context: . dockerfile: Dockerfile.prod command: gunicorn djangotango.wsgi:application --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 volumes: # - .:/home/app/web/ - static_volume:/home/app/web/static - media_volume:/home/app/web/media expose: - 8000 env_file: - ./.env.prod db: image: postgres:12.0-alpine volumes: - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data/ env_file: - ./.env.prod.db depends_on: - web pgadmin: image: dpage/pgadmin4 env_file: - ./.env.prod.db ports: - "8080:80" volumes: - pgadmin-data:/var/lib/pgadmin depends_on: - db links: - "db:pgsql-server" environment: - PGADMIN_DEFAULT_EMAIL=pgadmin4@pgadmin.org - PGADMIN_DEFAULT_PASSWORD=root - PGADMIN_LISTEN_PORT=80 nginx: build: ./nginx ports: - 1337:80 volumes: - static_volume:/home/app/web/static - media_volume:/home/app/web/media depends_on: - web volumes: postgres_data: pgadmin-data: static_volume: media_volume: How to do it in correct way? I'm running my production application on my domain name. -
Django - Prefetch filter does not work on Many to Many model
I want an endpoint for Group that filters Credits objects on week and year. Group has a Many to Many relation with 'through' arg to Membership. Membership ForeignKey to User. Credits ForeignKey to User. I have the following Models: class Group(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=128, unique=True) members = models.ManyToManyField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, related_name="memberships", through='Membership') class Membership(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, related_name="membership", on_delete=models.CASCADE) group = models.ForeignKey(Group, on_delete=models.CASCADE) class Credits(models.Model): credits = models.IntegerField() year = models.IntegerField(default=date.today().isocalendar()[0]) week = models.IntegerField(default=date.today().isocalendar()[1]) user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, related_name="credits", on_delete=models.CASCADE) class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin): email = models.EmailField(max_length=255, unique=True) username = NameField(max_length=25, unique=True, is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True) is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=False) My Group view is: class GroupSet(generics.ListAPIView): lookup_field = 'name' serializer_class = GroupSerializer def get_queryset(self): year = self.request.query_params.get('year', None) week = self.request.query_params.get('week', None) name = self.request.query_params.get('name', None) if name and week and year is not None: prefetchCredits = Prefetch('members__credits', queryset=Credits.objects.filter(year=year, week=week)) group = Group.objects.filter(name__iexact=name).prefetch_related(prefetchCredits) return group The filter on Credits doesn't work. I've used this view structure before where the filter on Prefetch does work but the Models did not have a Many to Many relation. I've tried to iterate over prefetchCredits to filter out the correct objects but I get an error: 'Prefetch' object is not iterable -
how to add an authorization check on django template with djoser
before that, my project was working with DRF and Vuejs. For authorization i used Djoser and cheking user authorized or not working by Front page or Backend API. Now add my project new app exam and exam app working with partial DRF partial Django templates. Problem was when i trying get new exam getting error <django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser object at 0x7f395d567cd0>>": "Exam.user" must be a "User" instance although I logged in. Sorry i'm newbie in Django template and don't know how to fix this error exam/models.py class Exam(models.Model): # additional_1 = models.IntegerField() # additional_2 = models.IntegerField() subject_1_variant_id = models.IntegerField() subject_2_variant_id = models.IntegerField() subject_3_variant_id = models.IntegerField() subject_4_variant_id = models.IntegerField() subject_5_variant_id = models.IntegerField() end_time = models.DateTimeField() user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE) class SelectedAnswer(models.Model): answer_id = models.IntegerField() is_correct = models.BooleanField() user_id = models.IntegerField() exam_id = models.IntegerField() exam/views.py def new_exam(request): if request.method == "GET": return render(request, "new_exam.html") else: first_additional = request.COOKIES["first_additional"] second_additional = request.COOKIES["second_additional"] exam_bd = new_exam_back(first_additional, second_additional, request.user) return HttpResponseRedirect(f"http://localhost:8000/exam/{exam_bd.id}/") exam/api.py def new_exam_back(first_additional, second_additional, user): now = dt.datetime.now() duration = dt.timedelta(seconds=12600) exams_end = now + duration subjects = [first_additional, second_additional] variants = dict() variants['subject_1_variant_id'] = choice(Variant.objects.filter(subj=ExamSubject.objects.get(id=1))).id variants['subject_2_variant_id'] = choice(Variant.objects.filter(subj=ExamSubject.objects.get(id=2))).id variants['subject_3_variant_id'] = choice(Variant.objects.filter(subj=ExamSubject.objects.get(id=3))).id variants['subject_4_variant_id'] = choice(Variant.objects.filter(subj=ExamSubject.objects.get(id=subjects[0]))).id variants['subject_5_variant_id'] = choice(Variant.objects.filter(subj=ExamSubject.objects.get(id=subjects[1]))).id Exam(**variants, end_time=exams_end, user=user).save() exam = Exam.objects.get(**variants, end_time=exams_end, user=user) …
