Django community: Django Q&A RSS
This page, updated regularly, aggregates Django Q&A from the Django community.
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Error creating a closure table in Django: 'ForeignKey' object has no attribute 'column'
I have a Jobs model and need a closure table job_hierarchies schema looks like below Table job_hierarchies { account_id int [not null] ancestor int [not null, ref: > jobs.id] descendant int [not null, ref: > jobs.id] level int [not null] } I tried creating model & migration for JobHierarchy as below Model # api/models/job_hierarchy.py from django.db import models from .base import BaseModel from api.models import Job class JobHierarchy(BaseModel): account_id = models.IntegerField(null=False) ancestor = models.ForeignKey(Job, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='ancestor_jobs', db_column='ancestor_id') descendant = models.ForeignKey(Job, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='descendant_jobs', db_column='descendant_id') level = models.IntegerField(null=False) class Meta: db_table = 'job_hierarchies' Migration looks like below # Generated by Django 5.0.2 on 2024-03-08 04:28 from django.db import migrations, models def add_foreign_keys(apps, schema_editor): JobHierarchy = apps.get_model('api', 'JobHierarchy') Job = apps.get_model('api', 'Job') schema_editor.add_field( JobHierarchy, models.ForeignKey(Job, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='ancestor_jobs', db_column='ancestor_id'), ) schema_editor.add_field( JobHierarchy, models.ForeignKey(Job, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='descendant_jobs', db_column='descendant_id'), ) class Migration(migrations.Migration): dependencies = [ ('api', '0002_create_jobs'), ] operations = [ migrations.CreateModel( name='JobHierarchy', fields=[ ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), ('account_id', models.IntegerField()), ('level', models.IntegerField()), ], options={ 'db_table': 'job_hierarchies', }, ), migrations.RunPython(add_foreign_keys), ] When I run make migrations, I get below error File "/app/api/migrations/0009_create_job_hierarchies.py", line 8, in add_foreign_keys schema_editor.add_field( File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 730, in add_field "name": self._fk_constraint_name(model, field, constraint_suffix), ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 1708, in _fk_constraint_name [field.column], ^^^^^^^^^^^^ AttributeError: … -
stripe transfer method in django
i am working on project where i want to transfer amount to multiple stripe customers i have used the stripe transfer method but i am getting the following error Error: Request req_FlLAHrjOxkd4IO: You have insufficient available funds in your Stripe account. Try adding funds directly to your available balance by creating Charges using the 4000000000000077 test card. See: https://stripe.com/docs/testing#available-balance here is my code charge = stripe.Charge.create( amount=5000, currency="usd", source='tok_visa', description="Adding funds to test account" ) charge_id = charge.id # Assuming you have defined 'total_charges', 'user.id', 'seller_amount', and 'referral_amount' earlier in your code session = stripe.PaymentIntent.create( amount=total_charges, currency="usd", transfer_group=f"ORDER10_{user.id}", ) stripe.Transfer.create( amount=seller_amount, currency='usd', destination='acct_1OrzGLI3hFSHp0X5', transfer_group=f"ORDER10_{user.id}", ) stripe.Transfer.create( amount=referral_amount, currency='usd', destination="acct_1OrzPRI5g3KKKWKv", transfer_group=f"ORDER10_{user.id}", ) -
Django not sending rendered array to Angular
I'm trying to build an API with Django that recieves an image, applies a filter and returns the image with the filter to the frontEnd, that it's made with Angular. But when I call the API my model does recieve the image but doesn't apply the filter and doesn't return the modified image. And it whe using the method POST doesn't return anything, not even an error This is my models.py: def apply_filter(noisy_image, kernel): smoothed_image = np.zeros_like(noisy_image) for channel in range(noisy_image.shape[2]): for row in range(noisy_image.shape[0] - kernel.shape[0] + 1): for col in range(noisy_image.shape[1] - kernel.shape[1] + 1): sub_matrix = noisy_image[row:row + kernel.shape[0], col:col + kernel.shape[1], channel] smoothed_image[row + 1, col + 1, channel] = np.sum(sub_matrix * kernel) fig, ax = plt.subplots() ax.imshow(smoothed_image.astype(np.uint8)) ax.axis('off') return fig def default_image(image_array): # Load image fig, ax = plt.subplots() ax.imshow(image_array.astype(np.uint8)) ax.axis('off') # Hide axes return fig def suavizado1(image_array): kernel_size = 12 kernel = np.ones((kernel_size, kernel_size)) / (kernel_size ** 2) noise = np.random.normal(0, 10, size=image_array.shape) noisy_image = image_array + image_array * noise return apply_filter(noisy_image, kernel) This is my views.py: def processImage(request): if request.method == 'POST': uploaded_file = request.FILES['image'] filter_name = request.POST.get('filter') image_path = default_storage.save('uploaded_images/' + uploaded_file.name, ContentFile(uploaded_file.read())) print(image_path) #Load image imagen = Image.open(image_path) image_array = np.array(imagen) … -
Django email html format not
`html = """\ <html> <head></head> <body> <p>Hi Team,<br><br> Reminder:<br> Please check if Domain listed below need to be renewed.<br><br> {0} </p> </body> </html> """ www = get_data_from_db() week_old = 14 d = [] for domain in www: days = compute_days(domain) if int(days) <= int(week_old): d.append("{0} is expiring in {1} days.<br>".format(domain, days)) print(d) html = ('\n'.join(d)) print(html) part2 = MIMEText(html, 'html') msg.attach(part2)` Hi, just started learning python/django not long ago. This project is to add a reminder/notification to the company by sending out email. I came across this problem where I am unable to correctly display the html with value. If I change my code at html = html.format('\n'.join(d)) It will display the html with 1 value where the actual result is 2 value. Missing the another one. If I use code above, it will only display 2 value but missing the html. What am i missing here? -
Null field returning required
I set a referral field on my django model to null but everytime I try to register without passing in a parameter it says that the field is required for registration. I've tried different approaches to try to solve it but still no fix. I want users to be able to register without using a referral code #models.py from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager, PermissionsMixin from django.utils import timezone class UserManager(BaseUserManager): def _create_user(self, username, email, password, is_staff, is_superuser, address, **extra_fields): now = timezone.now() if not username: raise ValueError(('The given username must be set')) email = self.normalize_email(email) user = self.model(username=username, email=email, is_staff=is_staff, is_active=True, is_superuser=is_superuser, last_login=now, date_joined=now, address=address, **extra_fields) user.set_password(password) user.save(using=self._db) return user def create_user(self, username, email=None, password=None, **extra_fields): return self._create_user(username, email, password, False, False, True, **extra_fields) def create_superuser(self, username, email, password, **extra_fields): user = self._create_user(username, email, password, True, True, **extra_fields) user.is_active = True user.save(using=self._db) return user class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=250, blank=True) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=250, blank=True) email = models.EmailField(('email address'), unique=True) username = models.CharField(max_length=50, unique=True, blank=False, default='username') profile_picture = models.ImageField(upload_to='Pictures', blank=True) created_at = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True) is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False) is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True) referral_code = models.CharField(max_length=10, unique=True, blank=True, null=True) referred_by = models.ForeignKey('self', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True, blank=True) referred_users_count = models.IntegerField(default=0) #subscription_start_dates = … -
Django async nested model loading
I have models: class ObjectA(models.Model): alias = models.CharField(max_length=50) objectb = models.ForeignKey(ObjectB, on_delete=models.PROTECT) class Meta: db_table = "objecta" class ObjectB(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50) objectc = models.ForeignKey(ObjectC, on_delete=models.PROTECT) class Meta: db_table = "objectb" class ObjectC(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50) class Meta: db_table = "objectc" In my ViewSet function I want to get ObjectA and then get name from referenced ObjectC. In synchonious django I would do get_object_or_404(ObjectA, alias="My alias").objectb.objectc.name But this in async Django throws me an error: django.core.exceptions.SynchronousOnlyOperation: You cannot call this from an async context - use a thread or sync_to_async. I found a solution which does not look very clean to me: from django.db.models.query import aprefetch_related_objects from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404 get_objecta_model = sync_to_async(get_object_or_404, thread_sensitive=True) objecta = await get_objecta_model(ObjectA, name=alias) await aprefetch_related_objects([objecta], "objectb__objectc") objecta.objectb.objectc.name -
Pivot table with hierarchical indexes?
Using pandas 2.0.3. I know this may sound simple but i dont know how to make it work. I'm using pandas pivot table to rearrange a table to match a template. Here's the current code I'm using: x = pd.pivot_table(df, index=['locality', 'name', 'type', 'method'], columns='mineral', values='mineral_value', fill_value=0).reset_index() With this code I'm getting this data structure: However, I need to add a hierarchy with the columns mineral and method, so it looks something like this: I've been trying multiple ways but I just haven't been able to get it. I've tried to add x = pd.pivot_table(df, index=['locality', 'name', 'type', 'method'], columns=['mineral', 'method'], values='mineral_value', fill_value=0).reset_index() TypeError: keys must be str, int, float, bool or None, not tuple Any idea? thanks in advance -
Sending a custom error Through the API to appear in flutter
I have a functioning flutter front to register users that consumes a Django-rest-framework API. With 3 fields (Username,Email and Password). I'm trying to add a snack-bar that shows up when the user fills a field incorrectly according to my validations. this is what i tried : if (response.statusCode == 200) { // Request was successful print('Signup successful!'); // You can perform any other actions here, such as navigating to a new screen } else { // Request failed print('Failed to signup. Error: ${response.statusCode}'); final Map<String, dynamic> errors = jsonDecode(response.body); String? key = errors.keys.first; String value = errors[key][0]; print(value); ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar( SnackBar( content: Text('$value'), backgroundColor: Colors.red, duration: const Duration(seconds: 2), ), ); } } catch (error) { // Handle any exceptions that occur during the API call print('Error while signing up: $error'); // You can display an error message to the user or perform other error handling actions } } For some reason when the password field or username field are Wrong i get a : Failed to signup. Error: 500 Error while signing up: FormatException: Unexpected character (at character 1). and when the email field is invalid i get the wrong error message (Enter a valid email address) . I'm still … -
How can I eliminate the segfaults that occur in working code only when debugging with ipdb?
I am using: Python: 3.11.0 Django: 4.2.8 djangorestframework 3.14.0 sqlite: 3.38.5 When I'm debugging and I use 'n' to go over a method, I sometimes get a segfault where there is no problem running the code normally. I can move my 'ipdb.set_trace()' to immediately after the call that caused the segfault, rerun the test and continue debugging but this is tedious. One cause I've tracked, is under the django reverse function. Here, the <URLResolver <module 'rest_framework.urls' from '/home/paul/wk/cliosoft/sosmgrweb/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/rest_framework/urls.py'> (rest_framework:rest_framework) 'api-auth/'> causes the segfault when its _populate method is invoked. I could start upgrading everything but this is a large application with many dependencies and I'd like to be confident that this problem will be eliminated if I go down that road. Does anyone know what the cause of this is and how I can resolve it? -
create choices dynamically in django
I'm trying to populate choices in django form dynamically, the choices cames from an external API. My model so far: from django.db import models class MyModel(models.Model): choice_field = models.CharField(max_length=100, choices=()) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) api_url = 'http://api.com' response = requests.get(api_url) if response.status_code == 200: data = response.json() options = [(option['value'], option['label']) for option in data] self._meta.get_field('choice_field').choices = options however, it is not working, can someone help me? -
Why is my stopwatch adding fixed amount of time when I refresh?
I have a Vue.js Script is Adding time to my stopwatch once I refresh the page - Always adds an additional 6 hours. The script is simply a button that tracks time when clicked, and post the time to a django model once stopped. I am able to track time fine, but when I refresh the page, I come back to seeing 6 hours added to my stopwatch: Vue.js Script: var NavbarApp = { data() { return { seconds: {{ active_entry_seconds }}, trackingTime: false, showTrackingModal: false, timer: null, entryID: 0, startTime: '{{ start_time }}' } }, delimiters: ['[[', ']]'], methods: { startTimer() { fetch('/apps/api/start_timer/', { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'X-CSRFToken': '{{ csrf_token }}' } }) .then((response) => { return response.json() }) .then((result) => { this.startTime = new Date() this.trackingTime = true this.timer = setInterval(() => { this.seconds = (new Date() - this.startTime) / 1000 }, 1000) }) }, stopTimer() { fetch('/apps/api/stop_timer/', { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'X-CSRFToken': '{{ csrf_token }}' } }) .then((response) => { return response.json() }) .then((result) => { this.entryID = result.entryID this.showTrackingModal = true this.trackingTime = false window.clearTimeout(this.timer) }) }, discardTimer() { fetch('/apps/api/discard_timer/', { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'X-CSRFToken': '{{ csrf_token … -
How to Efficiently Create and Maintain SQL Indexes in Django with PostGIS?
I'm working on a Django project that utilizes PostGIS for spatial data. Currently, I'm considering creating a SQL index for the created_at field to improve query performance. The created_at field is configured with auto_now_add=True, meaning it automatically captures the timestamp when an object is created. However, I'm unsure about the best practices for creating and maintaining SQL indexes in Django with PostGIS. Here are my specific questions: What is the recommended approach for creating SQL indexes in Django with PostGIS? Does creating an index for the created_at field significantly improve querying performance in Django? What are the potential maintenance tasks associated with managing SQL indexes in Django with PostGIS? I would appreciate any insights, advice, or best practices from experienced Django developers or those familiar with working with PostGIS. Thank you! -
Django: Mocking an external api call in the save method of a model
I want to test a modelform using pytest in two modes: without the need to call the external API used in the save method by generating an error when the API is offline so I can test the validation I created Here's my code: trips/models.py class Place(models.Model): trip = models.ForeignKey(Trip, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="places") day = models.ForeignKey( Day, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True, related_name="places" ) name = models.CharField(max_length=100) url = models.URLField(null=True, blank=True) address = models.CharField(max_length=200) latitude = models.FloatField(null=True, blank=True) longitude = models.FloatField(null=True, blank=True) objects = models.Manager() na_objects = NotAssignedManager() def save(self, *args, **kwargs): old = type(self).objects.get(pk=self.pk) if self.pk else None # if address is not changed, don't update coordinates if old and old.address == self.address: return super().save(*args, **kwargs) g = geocoder.mapbox(self.address, access_token=settings.MAPBOX_ACCESS_TOKEN) self.latitude, self.longitude = g.latlng return super().save(*args, **kwargs) def __str__(self) -> str: return self.name trips/forms.py class PlaceForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Place fields = ["name", "url", "address", "day"] formfield_callback = urlfields_assume_https widgets = { "name": forms.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder": "name"}), "url": forms.URLInput(attrs={"placeholder": "URL"}), "address": forms.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder": "address"}), "day": forms.Select(attrs={"class": "form-select"}), } labels = { "name": "Name", "url": "URL", "address": "Address", "day": "Day", } def __init__(self, *args, parent=False, **kwargs): super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) if parent: trip = parent else: trip = self.instance.trip self.fields["day"].choices = ( Day.objects.filter(trip=trip) .annotate( formatted_choice=Concat( "date", Value(" (Day … -
Cant get Django Date Widget to show in form
I am attempting to get a date field in a form to display as a date with date picker. For some reason, the field will not display as a date type. The model field: registration_date = models.DateField(null=True, blank=True) The form: class VehicleQuickAdd(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Vehicle fields = ['license_plate', 'internal_id', 'affiliated_company', 'registration_date', 'active_since', 'registration_certificate',] widgets = { 'registration_date': forms.DateInput(attrs={'type': 'date'}) } The HTML: {% extends 'base.html' %} {% load crispy_forms_tags %} {% block title %}Add Vehicle{% endblock title %} {% block content %} <div class="section-container container-fluid"> <div class="general-form pl-md-5 pr-md-5"> <h2>Add Vehicle</h2> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {% crispy form %} </br> <input class="btn btn-success" type="submit" value="save"> </form> </div> </div> {% endblock content %} When I look at the element in the page it says type="text" <input type="text" name="registration_date" class="dateinput form-control" id="id_registration_date"> Any ideas about why this isn't working? -
Annotations returning pure PK value instead of Django HashID
In my application the user can assume one of 3 different roles. These users can be assigned to programs, and they can be assigned to 3 different fields, each of those exclusevely to a role. In my API I'm trying to query all my users and annotate the programs they are in: def get_queryset(self): queryset = ( User.objects .select_related('profile') .prefetch_related('managed_programs', 'supervised_programs', 'case_managed_programs') .annotate( programs=Case( When( role=RoleChoices.PROGRAM_MANAGER, then=ArraySubquery( Program.objects.filter(program_managers=OuterRef('pk'), is_active=True) .values('id', 'name') .annotate( data=Func( Value('{"id": '), F('id'), Value(', "name": "'), F('name'), Value('"}'), function='concat', output_field=CharField(), ) ) .values('data') ), ), When( role=RoleChoices.SUPERVISOR, then=ArraySubquery( Program.objects.filter(supervisors=OuterRef('pk'), is_active=True) .values('id', 'name') .annotate( data=Func( Value('{"id": '), F('id'), Value(', "name": "'), F('name'), Value('"}'), function='concat', output_field=CharField(), ) ) .values('data') ), ), When( role=RoleChoices.CASE_MANAGER, then=ArraySubquery( Program.objects.filter(case_managers=OuterRef('pk'), is_active=True) .values('id', 'name') .annotate( data=Func( Value('{"id": '), F('id'), Value(', "name": "'), F('name'), Value('"}'), function='concat', output_field=CharField(), ) ) .values('data') ), ), default=Value(list()), output_field=ArrayField(base_field=JSONField()), ) ) .order_by('id') ) return queryset This works (almost) flawlessly and gives me only 5 DB hits, perfect, or not... The problem is that I'm using Django HashID fields for the Program PK, and this query returns the pure integer value for each Program. I've tried a more "normal" approach, by getting the data using a SerializerMethodField: @staticmethod def get_programs(obj): role_attr = … -
Django: changing contents on a field on every save-like action
Before committing a record to the database, I want to do a sanity check on a certain field. More precisely, it is an ArrayField and I want to remove any NaN/None values and replace them by zero. However, there are many ways to create said record. A user might MyObject().save(), or MyObject.objects.create(), or MyObject.objects.bulk_create(), and even MyObject.objects.bulk_update(field=my_field). I believe there are also ways in that Django Rest Framework might use. How can I be sure that NaN/None is always replaced by zero before committing to the database? Should I overwrite all the above methods? Should I create a custom field that inherits from ArrayField but does all the data munging? What is the best practice? -
How to disable Socket io?
I am making a project involving django, react with websockets. First I tried to use socket.io, completed its setup , then decided not to use it. I deleted the files related to that but this error is popping every few seconds when i run my backend server, How to stop this? I tried to remove the server.js file , still it is persistent enter image description here -
In add to cart Span is not working properly
I Created a add to cart function for my website but in the website span is not working properly . My problem is that: You can see in the marked portion of the image if i clicked on add to cart button it is changing "0-1" but when I am clicking on add to cart button of an another product it is not changing from "1-2" So, In product-detail.html: <button class="action-btn"> <ion-icon name="bag-handle-outline"></ion-icon> <span class="count cart-items-count">{{request.session.cart_data_obj|length}}</span> </button> In js file: $("#add-to-cart-btn").on("click",function(){ let quantity=$("#product-quantity").val() let product_title=$(".product-title").val() let product_id=$(".product-id").val() let product_price = $("#current-product-price").text() let this_val=$(this) console.log("Quantity:", quantity); console.log("Id:", product_id); console.log("Title:", product_title); console.log("Price:", product_price); console.log("Current Element:", this_val); $.ajax({ url: '/add-to-cart', data: { 'id': product_id, 'qty': quantity, 'title': product_title, 'price': product_price }, dataType: 'json', beforeSend: function(){ console.log("Adding products to cart"); }, success: function(response){ this_val.html("Item added to cart") console.log("Added products to cart"); $(".cart-items-count").text(response.totalcartitems) } }) }) In Views.py: def add_to_cart(request): cart_product={} cart_product[str(request.GET['id'])]={ 'title': request.GET['title'], 'qty': request.GET['qty'], 'price': request.GET['price'], } if 'cart_data_obj' is request.session: if str(request.GET['id']) in request.session['cart_data_obj']: cart_data= request.session['cart_data_obj'] cart_data[str(request.GET['id'])]['qty']=int(cart_product[str(request.GET['id'])]['qty']) cart_data.update(cart_data) request.session['cart_data_obj']=cart_data else: cart_data=request.session['cart_data_obj'] cart_data.update(cart_product) request.session['cart_data_obj']=cart_data else: request.session['cart_data_obj']=cart_product return JsonResponse({"data":request.session['cart_data_obj'],'totalcartitems': len(request.session['cart_data_obj'])}) So please help me out with this problem and I think that the probelm is in views because js file is working properly... -
Changing ImageField URL
I'm attempting to correct my image URLs by invoking the correct_image_url method of the Page model. However, for some reason, the result is not being saved. Thus, while it operates correctly, at the step where I execute: print(f"New URL of the page: {new_image_url}") it returns the old URL. class Page(models.Model): image = models.ImageField( max_length=400, storage=S3Boto3Storage(), validators=[FileSizeValidator(limit_value=8)]) number = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0, blank=True, null=True) chapter = models.ForeignKey(Chapter, on_delete=models.CASCADE) objects = PageManager() def correct_image_url(self): url = self.image.url corrected_url = url.replace( "https%3A/dist.cloudfront.net", "https://dist.cloudfront.net") domain = "https://dist.cloudfront.net" first_occurrence = corrected_url.find(domain) second_occurrence = corrected_url.find( domain, first_occurrence + len(domain)) if second_occurrence != -1: corrected_url = corrected_url[:second_occurrence] if corrected_url != url: if self.image: original_url = self.image.url print( f"Correcting URL from: {original_url} to {corrected_url}") self.image = corrected_url try: self.save() self.refresh_from_db() new_image_url = self.image.url print(f"New URL of the page: {new_image_url}") except DataError: print( f"Skipped saving due to DataError for URL: {corrected_url}") except ValidationError as e: print( f"Validation error: {e.messages} for URL: {corrected_url}") I run it in the Django shell like this: from app.models import Page for page in Page.objects.all()[:1]: page.correct_image_url() Also, when i try to run self.image.url = corrected_url It returns AttributeError: can't set attribute -
Best practice for tenant isolation with django-tenant-users in Django?
I'm building a multi-tenant application using Django with django-tenant and django-tenant-users for handling tenants and user authentication. However, I'm struggling to find the best approach to prevent users from one tenant accessing data or functionality of another tenant. I've explored custom middleware, Django's permission system, and user profile models, but haven't found clear guidance on enforcing tenant isolation within the Django framework. For those familiar with django-tenant and django-tenant-users, how do you ensure that users from one tenant cannot access data or features belonging to another tenant? Any insights, best practices, or references to relevant documentation would be greatly appreciated. Thank you! -
Can't run my Django app on hosting with Debug = False
I tried running my Django app on hosting, but when i typed python manage.py runserver with DEBUG = False, it threw me an error: Error: That IP address can't be assigned to. After that changed DEBUG to True, but it continued to throw me the same error. What should i do to solve it? Tried to add my domain in ALLOWED_HOSTS, didnt work. Put 127.0.0.1 and localhost - same -
Unable to read Local language data from an Excel using csv
I am giving data as "यह एक नमूना संदेश है" in a CSV file. I am reading the data inside the file using CSV Module in python. sample code: csvFile = request.FILES.get('file') csv_copy = copy.deepcopy(csvFile) file_content = csv_copy.read() decoded_file = file_content.decode('utf-8').splitlines() reader = csv.reader(decoded_file) rows = list(reader) for i,row in enumerate(rows): print(row[1]) the given data is getting converted as "???? ???? ???" Is there any way to resolve this issue ? -
django.db.utils.IntegrityError: UNIQUE constraint failed: users_customuser.email
I'm learning Django but I keep getting this error when I type : django.db.utils.IntegrityError: UNIQUE constraint failed: users_customuser.email I Have a Creating Superuser But I'm facing some Error till superuser run on Server. So, Give me A Solution of This Error. My models.py from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser from django.db import models from .managers import CustomUserManager class CustomUser(AbstractUser): email = models.EmailField(unique=True) first_name = models.CharField(max_length=100) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=100) phone = models.CharField(max_length=10) cpassword = models.CharField(max_length=10) USERNAME_FIELD = 'username' REQUIRED_FIELDS = ("email",) objects = CustomUserManager() -
Convert Django-React dynamic website to static site
I want to convert my personal portfolio website here into a static site. Currently, I am deployed on AWS Elastic Beanstalk which has gotten expensive over the last year or so, due to me running out of AWS free tier. I'd like to convert the following routes: https://www.tomaspremoli.com/ https://www.tomaspremoli.com/#/tutoring https://www.tomaspremoli.com/#/portfolio https://www.tomaspremoli.com/#/resume into static html pages, save all images that are fetched in the code, and save all api call responses. Some api calls just run on page load, however, some api calls happen in js after buttons are clicked (such as when getting pictures for specific portfolio entries). I have access to the source code and all the root user permissions, and am not sure what the best course of action is here. I can't seem to find a tool that does this for me easily, and have been toying around with the Pupeteer js library, with some progress, but also out of my area of expertise and struggling to get much done. Is there any tools that could simplify this for me? So far i've tried various manual processes that don't seem to get me very far. -
Django-server fails for ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ldap' when started by apache
When started in python 3.9 virtual environment by python manage.py runserver my django-server works fine, but when started by apache with the same virtual environment configured into python path it fails with the errors below: [Mon Mar 11 11:00:49.683439 2024] [wsgi:error] [pid 909852:tid 139790141196032] [remote 10.144.196.5:52892] from .ldapauth import * [Mon Mar 11 11:00:49.683446 2024] [wsgi:error] [pid 909852:tid 139790141196032] [remote 10.144.196.5:52892] File "/srv/django/pxpro/pxpro_editor/ldapauth.py", line 4, in <module> [Mon Mar 11 11:00:49.683495 2024] [wsgi:error] [pid 909852:tid 139790141196032] [remote 10.144.196.5:52892] import ldap [Mon Mar 11 11:00:49.683501 2024] [wsgi:error] [pid 909852:tid 139790141196032] [remote 10.144.196.5:52892] File "/srv/django/pxpro-env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ldap/__init__.py", line 34, in <module> [Mon Mar 11 11:00:49.683504 2024] [wsgi:error] [pid 909852:tid 139790141196032] [remote 10.144.196.5:52892] import _ldap [Mon Mar 11 11:00:49.683512 2024] [wsgi:error] [pid 909852:tid 139790141196032] [remote 10.144.196.5:52892] ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ldap' I'm using django 4.2.10 with pyldap==3.0.0.post1 and python-ldap 3.4.4 in my python virtual environment my apache.conf: $ cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/pxpro.conf <VirtualHost *:8031> ServerAdmin <myserverAdmin> ServerName <myServer> # ServerAlias <server_fqdn> ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/pxpro-error_log CustomLog /var/log/httpd/pxpro-access_log combined LogLevel debug HostnameLookups Off UseCanonicalName Off ServerSignature Off Alias /media/ /srv/django/pxpro/media/ Alias /static/ /srv/django/pxpro/static/ #RedirectMatch 301 "^/static/media/uploads/(.*)$" "/media/uploads/$1" <IfModule wsgi_module> WSGIDaemonProcess pxpro_wsgi user=django group=django home=/srv/django python-home=/srv/django/pxpro-env startup-timeout=15 python-path=/srv/django/pxpro-env/lib/python3.9/site-packages WSGIProcessGroup pxpro_wsgi WSGIApplicationGroup pxpro_wsgi WSGIScriptAlias / /srv/django/pxpro/settings/wsgi.py process-group=pxpro_wsgi application-group=pxpro_wsgi </IfModule> ... Any idea …