Django community: Django Q&A RSS
This page, updated regularly, aggregates Django Q&A from the Django community.
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Find all objects user has permissions on in Django ORM
I am using guardian for object level permissions. I need to find all objects of a given type that user can access. For example, I have an organization model called Org. A user can belong to multiple organizations and might have different level of access in them. I can find what organizations the user belongs to by doing a guardian shortcut get_objects_for_user(user, 'org_user') but this results in 5 SQL queries and I need to do this a lot. I can do the same thing in raw SQL like this SELECT o.* FROM guardian_userobjectpermission as op JOIN auth_user as u ON (op.user_id = u.id) JOIN auth_permission as p ON (op.permission_id = p.id) JOIN org_org as o ON (o.id = op.object_pk::integer) WHERE u.id = %s AND p.codename = 'org_user and use Org.objects.raw() with this SQL to get the model instances. But this is not robust, since if the models change, the SQL might break. I would love to do the same thing in Django ORM, but I cannot seem to figure out how to do this type of multiple JOIN and how to request one type of object by selecting from another. Is there a way to do this in Django ORM ... -
Django Auth: "This field is required"
I want to integrate my own form to the django Auth system. It throws always an error: login This field is required. password This field is required. Setting an Debug-Point on if request.method == 'POST': didn't worked (except on page starting/loading). settings.py: AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'Immo.ImmoUser' ImmoUser class: from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser class ImmoUser(AbstractUser): pass form: <form class="form-signin" action="index" method="post" style="/*! height: 100%; */margin-top: 20%;"> <img class="mb-4" src="{% static 'Immo/images/houses.png' %}" style="background-color: black; padding: 5px;border-radius: 10px;" alt="" width="72" height="72"> <h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal">Please sign in</h1> {% csrf_token %} {{ form.errors }} <label class="sr-only" for="{{ form.username.auto_id }}">{{ form.username.label }}:</label> <input id="{{ field.username }}" class="form-control" style="margin-bottom:3px;" autofocus="" placeholder="Login*" required="" type="text"> <label class="sr-only" for="{{ form.password.auto_id }}">{{ form.password.label }}:</label> <input id="{{ field.password }}" class="form-control" style="margin-bottom:3px;" autofocus="" placeholder="Password*" required="" type="password"> <button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit">Sign in</button> <p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2017-2018</p> </form> views.py: def mylogin(request): if request.method == 'POST': form = UserCreationForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): form.save() username = form.cleaned_data.get('username') password = form.cleaned_data.get('password') user = authenticate(username=username, password=raw_password) return redirect('Immo/user/index') else: form = UserCreationForm() return render(request, 'Immo/index.html', {'form': form} ) -
Trouble closing and reopening MySQL connection after catching/handling django.db.utils.OperationalError (2013, Lost connection to server)
I getting a django.db.utils.OpertionalError: (2013, Lost connection to MySQL Server). The reason is because the MAX_TIMEOUT is set to 90 seconds. I'm attempting to catch the error, close the bade connection, and make a fresh query. I would think the following try/except block would catch the error, close the connection and try the same query a second time: try: sku = SkuLight.objects.filter(expansion=card_set).filter(name=card_name) except OperationalError as e: print(e) connection.close() sku = SkuLight.objects.filter(expansion=card_set).filter(name=card_name) Am I not closing the connection correctly? If not, how can I close and reopen the connection in the correct way. Thanks. -
When and how is the .sock file created for a uWSGI, nginx and Django stack
I know that there are dozens of questions about this that mostly stem from following the official uWSGI guide. I have had troubles with permissions too but the other answers have covered them. I want to better understand how and when the Unix socket/socket file is created. FYI this is on an AWS ec2 instance running the Amazon Linux 2 AMI. The uWSGI guide instructs you to install nginx, Django and uwsgi. Then test the Django development server and nginx in isolation. Then at this section you test that uWSGI and nginx work together with a tcp/ip socket for communication. After that, still not involving the Django project at all, they describe how to use Unix sockets rather than the tcp/ip socket for communication between nginx and uWSGI. Following all of the nginx/uWSGI configuration you run the command from the home directory (at least for my particular file structure and Django project, ~/test_project): uwsgi --socket test_project/test_project.sock --wsgi-file test.py This works fine once some permission issues are dealt with. My questions are: what is test_project.sock, when is it created, and which process creates it. My best current understanding is that uWSGI creates it, but why then do we need to incorporate ... -
Item edit request in database design
I'm developing simple CRUD app in Django. The app allows users to manage list of items. Let's assume that single item in database consists of following fields: ID Name Type Description Assigned_to (worker_id) Beyond that there are two kinds of users - managers and workers. Managers can freely see/add/edit/remove/assign all items. Worker can see all items, but any change made (add/edit/unassign) needs to be accepted by manager. Here's the problem. I wonder what could be the best way to implement this requirement. I came up with simple "ticket" system - every time worker sends edit request, ticket is created and can be reviewed by manager later. Ticket would be a simple object with following fields: Type (add, edit, unassign) New Item id (in case of add, edit operation) Old item id (in case of edit operation) Along with ticket, new item would be created (with all changes made and additional is_active field set to False). When manager accepts ticket, this is what would happen: Add operation - is_active is set to True Edit operation - all fields from New Item are rewritten to Old Item and New Item is deleted Unassign operation - assigned_to fields is set to Null The ... -
Django: Manytomany to template
I have the following code: from django.db import models class Friend(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) invited = models.ManyToManyField( 'self', through='Invites', symmetrical=False ) I then have an intermediary table that tracks the relationship history between friends. class Invites(models.Model) sent_invite = models.ForeignKey( Friend, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True related_name='sent_invite' ) received_invite = models.ForeignKey( Friend, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, related_name='received_invite' ) As you can see, the Friend class maintains a Many to Many relationship with itself. Suppose I ran a query on Invites, assume user_id is the logged in Friend. received_invites_from = Invites.objects.filter(received_invite=user_id) This will return a query set looking like: Friend ID | User ID Friend ID | User ID Freind ID | User ID MAIN QUESTION How do I parse the Friend ID's through the Friend list a second time, and create an object list that can be rendered in a Django template? -
query data from one model, filter from another
I would like to display values from one table, but filter these values based on avalue from another table. for example: I want to display values from data/models.py that are filtered by the customerTag in the customer table (accounts/models.py). These are related tables, but I can't figure out the right syntax to filter this view. Any ideas? Or is this not possible with my current schema.. data/views.py from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView from django.views.generic.edit import UpdateView, DeleteView, CreateView from django.urls import reverse_lazy from .models import Data from django.contrib.auth.mixins import LoginRequiredMixin #this ensures the user is logged in to view a specific page from rest_framework import generics from .models import Data from .models import accounts from .serializers import DataSerializer from .permissions import IsAuthorOrReadOnly class DataListView(LoginRequiredMixin,ListView): queryset = Data.objects.all() context = { "object_list": queryset } template_name = 'data_list.html' login_url = 'login' accounts/models.py from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser class CustomUser(AbstractUser): customer_Tag = models.CharField(max_length=50,) isAdmin = models.BooleanField(default = False,) notifications = models.BooleanField(default = True,) deviceSerial= models.CharField(max_length=50,) machineName= models.CharField(max_length=50,default="ESP1",) machineDescription = models.CharField(max_length=200,) class Customer(models.Model): customerTag= models.CharField(max_length=50,) #make this == user.customerTag for queries? customerName = models.CharField(max_length=50,) mainContact = models.CharField(max_length=100,default='',) Address = models.CharField(max_length=100,default='',) city = models.CharField(max_length=100,default='',) website = models.URLField(max_length=100,default='',) phone = models.IntegerField(default=0,) def __str__(self): ... -
cannot create a new post from django admin panel , but from python shell its created
from python shell i can add new post to my data base but from django admin panel its showing type error. i am using django with mysql with sqlite3 its working fine but what is the problem with mysql. TypeError at /admin/blog/post/1/change/ not all arguments converted during string formatting Request Method: POST Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/blog/post/1/change/ Django Version: 2.1.1 Exception Type: TypeError Exception Value: not all arguments converted during string formatting Exception Location: F:\myproject\venv\lib\site- packages\django\db\models\lookups.py in process_lhs, line 157 Python Executable: F:\myproject\venv\Scripts\python.exe Python Version: 3.6.4 Python Path: ['F:\\myproject', 'F:\\myproject\\venv\\Scripts\\python36.zip', 'C:\\Users\\Anuj\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\DLLs', 'C:\\Users\\Anuj\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\lib', 'C:\\Users\\Anuj\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36', 'F:\\myproject\\venv', 'F:\\myproject\\venv\\lib\\site-packages', 'F:\\myproject\\venv\\lib\\site-packages\\setuptools-39.1.0- py3.6.egg', 'F:\\myproject\\venv\\lib\\site-packages\\pip-10.0.1-py3.6.egg'] Server time: Fri, 7 Sep 2018 18:28:47 +0000 -
Playing a video in the home page by Django
I want to have a home page wich plays a video when the site runs, and has a button inorder to skip the video and go to the first page of the site any advice to do it ? -
Django Admin: 'id' is not a callable or method of model?
It's in the question. Why would my model not have the 'id' attribute? Isn't that created by default in Django? -
Django 'int' object is not subscriptable shows while adding images to database
I'm Inserting multiple images to database. I have saved the new Image name is Dictonary. But while inserting the data to table i'm getting ERROR : 'int' object is not subscriptable' I have searched everywhere but couldn't find solution. Here is below how Dictonary looks like { "0" = { "blog_id" = "". "blog_image_path" = "07-09-2018__17-54-152069weather.jpg". "is_deleted" = 0 }. "1" = { "blog_id" = "". "blog_image_path" = "07-09-2018__17-54-152069user.png". "is_deleted" = 0 }. "2" = { "blog_id" = "". "blog_image_path" = "07-09-2018__17-54-152069tick.png". "is_deleted" = 0 } } Now while adding the DB for image in blog_images_data: blog_image_data = BlogImages(blog_id=int(blog_id), blog_image_path=image['blog_image_path'], is_deleted=int(image['is_deleted']))# I GET ERROR IN THIS LINE blog_image_data.save() I have even changed the datatype to INT but still error persists. Below is the Model Details class BlogImages(models.Model): blog_image_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) blog = models.ForeignKey(Blog, null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE) blog_image_path = models.TextField(null=True) is_deleted = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, editable=True) created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) class Meta: db_table = 'tbl_blog_images' THANKS IN ADVANCE -
Djnago. String format using class field
I want to upload photos to difrent directory. The directory name should has a "title" from class field. I tried this. image = models.ImageField(upload_to=f"image/posts/{title}") It created: enter image description here Where in place <django.db.models.fields.CharField>I wanted to see post title. How can I get text from this Field (to save text I used django admin panel) models.py class Post(models.Model): # ... title = models.CharField(max_length=250) image = models.ImageField(upload_to=f"image/posts/{title}") -
Activate user Django 2.1
I came across a problem while developing my Django application. I need to register users and send a link to activate the user account, but when I click the link it does not activate the account, it just returns to my home page. How can I activate the user account? My code for urls.py: from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path from contas.views import home, nova_transacao, update, delete, notSuper, signUp, activation_sent, activate urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('', home, name='url_home'), path('update/<int:pk>/', update, name='url_update'), path('delete/<int:pk>/', delete, name='url_delete'), path('403/', notSuper, name='url_notSuper'), path('form/', nova_transacao, name='url_novaTransacao'), path('signup/', signUp, name='url_signUp'), path('signup/activation_sent/', activation_sent, name='url_activationSent'), path('activate/<slug:uidb64>/<slug:token>', activate, name='activate'), ] My code for views.py: from django.contrib.auth import login from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django.contrib.sites.shortcuts import get_current_site from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect, HttpResponse from django.shortcuts import render, redirect from django.template.loader import render_to_string from django.urls import reverse from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_text from django.utils.http import urlsafe_base64_encode, urlsafe_base64_decode from contas.tokens import account_activation_token from .models import Transacao from .form import TransacaoForm, SignUpForm from django.core.mail import send_mail from django.conf import settings import datetime, time # Create your views here. def home(request): data = {} data["transacoes"] = Transacao.objects.all() data["now"] = datetime.datetime.now() return render(request, "contas/home.html", data) def nova_transacao(request): form = TransacaoForm(request.POST or None) if form.is_valid(): ... -
How to check if a user liked a post in django
How do you check if a user liked a post in django template Post Model(fields removed for brevity* | likes is a counter) id = models.UUIDField(primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4, editable=False) user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE) likes = models.IntegerField(blank=True, default=0) LikePost Model user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE) post = models.ForeignKey(Post, on_delete=models.CASCADE) How do I check if a user liked a post in my template using a generic list view. Any good answer would be appreciated. -
Django testrunner failing with IntegrityError
When trying to run Django tests, the process fails seemingly on the admin post migrate signal. I can't find anything about this particular error. It appears that the signal is attempting to create a permission record that already exists - but I haven't modified anything with this particular model. Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/username/.virtualenvs/app_name/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 85, in _execute return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) psycopg2.IntegrityError: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "auth_permission_content_type_id_codename_01ab375a_uniq" DETAIL: Key (content_type_id, codename)=(1, view_logentry) already exists. -
Django getting an objects foreignkey
I have an object called userprofile, which has a city ('ciudad') field. I'm trying to get it with current_user.ciudad but I get an error message "Ciudad matching query does not exist". Traceback: http://dpaste.com/2BMH8EG def get_context_data(self, **kwargs): context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs) current_user = self.request.user.userprofile print(current_user.ciudad) return context My models look like this class Ciudad(models.Model): ciudad = models.CharField(max_length=500) def __str__(self): return self.ciudad class UserProfile(models.Model): user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) nombre = models.CharField(max_length=250, default=".") apellido = models.CharField(max_length=250, default=".") email = models.CharField(max_length=250, default="error") telefono = models.IntegerField(default=0) ciudad = models.ForeignKey(Ciudad, default=0, on_delete=models.SET_DEFAULT) is_productor = models.BooleanField(default=False) is_nodo = models.BooleanField(default=False) def __str__(self): return str(self.user) -
Django how to use webhook and post data?
i am confused about django webhooks because i am beginner in python and django. Most of the things i see for the documentation. how do i connect to my app and Post data.Can anyone tell me how do i set my webhook for my data. i want to Post data to zapier. Models.py class Driver(models.Model): class Meta(): db_table = "driver" verbose_name = "Driver" verbose_name_plural = "Drivers" ordering = ['driver_firstname', 'driver_lastname'] driver_firstname = models.CharField( max_length=64, blank=True, null=True ) driver_lastname = models.CharField( max_length=64, blank=True, null=True ) driver_email= models.CharField( max_length=64, blank=True, null=True ) Views.py def drivers(request): if request.method == 'POST': if request.POST['driver_firstname'] and request.POST['driver_lastname'] and request.POST['driver_email'] driver = Driver() driver.driver_firstname = request.POST['driver_firstname'] driver.driver_lastname = request.POST['driver_lastname'] driver.driver_email = request.POST['driver_email'] driver.save() -
What is Django commend equivalent to Rails' $ rails db drop
Something must be very very wrong. It can't be this hard. I'm trying to drop tables on my Django app, which is made from default sqlite3 ORM. Every time I want to $ python manage.py makemigrations, Django asks me how I want to handle new field on already existing rows and I hate it. So what I want to do is just drop all tables from my model 'Post' and make new migrations. This is easily done by $ rails db drop; rails db migrate on Rails but I can't find any commend equivalent to this on Django. I've googled and I found a commend like $ python manage.py flush but it effectively flushes all my tables, even my Superuser. I don't want that and I want to drop a table from a specific app. Some posts even said I have to manually delete all migrations files and db.sqlite3 but I bet there's another way. One more alternative I think think of is to open manage.py shell and delete them like below (which I learned from the official documentation's tutorial) $ python manage.py shell >> from posts.models import Post >> Post.objects.all().delete() I hope it's not the way it should be. -
Reading Shopify shop metafields with Django/Python: Discrepancy between AJAX call and backend view behavior
Getting the list of shop metaifleds works great if running on the server in a simple Django view: def my_view(request): with request.user.session: shop = shopify.Shop().current() print(shop.metafields()) # returns [(metafield(1232543), metafields(143534534), etc] However, if I do something like this (don't panic, I'm just experimenting) in an AJAX handler, it returns an empty array. @csrf_exempt def proxy_request(request): shop_user = AuthAppShopUser.objects.get(myshopify_domain=site) user = auth.authenticate(request=request, myshopify_domain=site, token=shop_user.token) if user: auth.login(request, user) with request.user.session: shop = shopify.Shop().current() print(shop.metafields()) # returns [] Thank you for any insight! -
Special markup from text to html tags (with PHP)
I'm importing data from website - written in python(django), and content data are in format: text paragraph text paragraph text paragraph<br> text paragraph text paragraph text paragraph<br> h2. Any title<br> text paragraph text paragraph text paragraph<br> h3. Any title<br> "more in":http://www.example.com/<br> which in final format should be: <p>text paragraph text paragraph text paragraph</p> <p>text paragraph text paragraph text paragraph</p> <h2>Any title</h2> <p>text paragraph text paragraph text paragraph</p> <h3>Any title</h3> <a href="http://www.example.com/">more in</a> i tried php function nl2br() which at least got me breaks at line, but need if exist any great function which make me final format. I can try my own fcn but still i can't get, how can i replace for example h3. with <h3> and end of line with </h3> Any help you can offer is greatly appreciated. -
django 2 no reverse macth on passing url <a href="{% url 'detailinfo' infos.id %}"></a>
my model = Infos this my urls.py path('infos/<int:infos_id>/', views.detailinfo, name='detailinfo'), this my views.py #pages detail infos def detailinfo(request, infos_id): infos = get_object_or_404(Infos, pk=infos_id) return render(request,'uplus/detailinfo.html',{'infos': infos}) the link to access to page detailinfos on my browser http://127.0.0.1:8080/infos/1/ the url passing <a href="{% url 'detailinfo' infos.id %}"></a> -
Django Serialization KeyError (Django Rest Framework)
I need to write custome create method to make nested serialization, so i have this: def create(self, validated_data): images = validated_data['commodity']['images'] del validated_data['commodity']['images'] commodity = Commodity.objects.create(**validated_data['commodity']) del validated_data['commodity'] for image in images: CommodityImage.objects.create(commodity=commodity, **image) sizes = validated_data['outwear']['sizes'] del validated_data['outwear']['sizes'] clother = Clother.objects.create(commodity=commodity, **validated_data) outwear = Outwear.objects.create(clother=clother, **validated_data['outwear']) for size in sizes: outwear.sizes.add(size) return clother Most of lines doing fine and outwear instance creates, but in can't add sizes to outwear instance, which has sizes as ManyToMany field in it's model and finally i get KeyError 'sizes' with no description. What am I doing wrong? Thanks! -
Create Temporary Table For Testing Unmanged Model in Django
I've got a django app that has a couple models that read from tables in an unmanaged database. I'm just trying to create tests appropriately to make sure that the application can be as well tested as possible. I'm using factory_boy to assist with the creation of test data. One of my unmanaged models looks like this: class EmpGroup(models.Model): id = models.IntegerField(db_column='id', primary_key=True) staff_group = models.ForeignKey( StaffGroup, db_column='staff_group_id', on_delete=models.PROTECT ) user = models.ForeignKey( settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, db_column='user_id', on_delete=models.PROTECT ) location = models.ForeignKey( Location, db_column='base_loc', on_delete=models.PROTECT ) first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30) location_name = models.CharField(max_length=50) def __str__(self): return f'{self.last_name}, {self.first_name}' class Meta(object): managed = getattr(settings, 'UNDER_TEST', False) db_table = 'control_v_empGroup' Because that model is unmanaged - there is no migration to tell it to create the table control_v_empGroup when setting up the test DB's. So when I run my tests - I get the the error that the table doesn't exist! My EmpGroupFactory looks like this: class EmpGroupFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory): class Meta: model = models.EmpGroup id = 1 staff_group = factory.SubFactory(StaffGroupFactory) user = factory.SubFactory(UserFactory) location = factory.SubFactory(LocationFactory) first_name = 'Test' last_name = 'Grp' location_name = 'Test' In my settings I have this: UNDER_TEST = (len(sys.argv) > 1 and sys.argv[1] == 'test') if UNDER_TEST: DATABASES ... -
How can I get value of radio button's input?
How can I get value of input?I wrote codes in html, <form action="{% url 'app:top' %}" method="POST"> <input type="radio" name="no" value="1"> <label>No</label> <input type="radio" name="yes" value="1"> <label>Yes</label> <input class="disabled" type="submit" value="POST"> </form> in views.py def top(request): no = request.POST.get("no","0") yes = request.POST.get("yes","0") print(no) print(yes) When I No label and put send button,0 is print out.Putting Yes button is same.Why does it happens?Why can't I print out 1?How should I do it? -
How to connect Ejabberd with Node.js (or Django)
I what to develop a backend server for a chat application using node.js (or Django) and Ejabberd. And consume this API on a React Native app that should have push notifications. The idea is to manage the user profile and metadata and also the authentication ( OAuth 2.0 - social login ) through my own server, then let the management of the chat stuff to the Ejabberd server. The problems come on how to make the connection between the servers. I want to login through my server and don't make the user aware of the existing Ejabberd server. Any idea on how can I make the connection between the servers?
